editor’s opinion❘By BOBBY HALTON
I am friends with a pilot who owns an exact replica of a 1919 airplane. He is comfortable flying it. He is careful to do so only in perfect weather and is very aware of its limitations should any component of it fail.
Being comfortable most of the time is a good thing—being comfortable with your assignment, with your tools, with your crew. There comes a time when comfort starts to drift into a sense of wellness that may or may not reflect reality.
We do many things without thinking consciously about them. We do many things that we only review reflecting on parameters that we have set as benchmarks such as the NIOSH 5.Chief Alan V. Brunacini曾经在1967年5月写道：“不要害怕改变。如果以特定方式完成了20年的某种事情，那么仅此而已，这通常是一个迹象表明这是错误的。”现在，良好的负责人的规则有很多例外，例如忠诚和荣誉问题，但是就操作，测试或程序而言，也许20年的规则应该始终是重新评估的时间。
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建设问题:IBC 2021Heavy Timber Proposal
When we apply a set of measurements to determine if a process or a procedure is getting us the best effect or the best usable information, we do so at a point in time. At any point in time, our knowledge is restricted to what is known. So, how we assess something or how we measure something needs to change with time. Testing of building materials, construction elements, and assemblies must continuously evolve because, over time, things change, especially when they have to do with our physical environment.
我们目前正在进行大量研究和测试。这些测试涉及“现代”的火灾环境 - 在这种情况下，现实是指聚合物在我们建筑的各个方面的令人难以置信的扩展。
The research and testing are being done not only on the products and materials that are burning but also on our methodology in extinguishing these materials. This is a good thing. This research should be disseminated widely among our firefighters so that those who have skin in the game can determine what the research and testing reveal.
我们正在学习流路径,v的影响entilation, and the length of time we can expect the floor to withstand fire or the roof to withstand flame impingement. The testing has been on scale models, in the real world, and continues today. This is excellent, good experience. Firefighters will use this information in a wide variety of ways, in ways that engineers could never imagine. The real world is often very messy and very complicated, and that’s where the expertise of a good firefighter is always the gold standard.
What is of real interest is that the most important test in fire protection that assesses the fire resistance of building components on fire is now roughly 100 years old—that’s right, the very test that assesses the integrity of beams, columns, roofs, and walls under fire attack in the same buildings where we are looking at the most minute details of flow path, transitional attack, interior aggressive attack, and vent-enter-isolate-search. We wisely spend millions of dollars of grant money to understand the relationship of firefighting and fire behavior, but it is all predicated on a “building” fire test developed 100 years ago.
我们有发表了几篇出色的学术文章188金宝搏是正规吗about this dilemma。我们与承销商实验室的朋友进行了对话，他们参与了有关美国测试和材料协会（ASTM）E-119的测试，用于建筑构建和材料的火灾测试的标准测试方法,100年来一直保持相对不变的测试。从本质上讲，我们更关心打开门或打破窗户，而不是关于建筑物的防火性，我们正在扑向火，并扩展到它倒塌的可能性。在建筑材料方面越来越多地创新，包括层压“mass timber,”现在是时候让消防服务变得更加发声，以在全面和更现实的环境中测试这些建筑材料/工程材料。
当前测试首次设计时具有重大局限性。地板系统中没有空隙空间。今天的大火从轻质的木桁架地板上的空间空间开始是现实。世纪历史的测试是在17英尺的材料范围限制下设计的；如今，我们的材料范围超过17英尺。消防工程师和安全工程师指出，在测试之前采用的防火剂也完成了，并不能反映在现实世界中的做法。这些有关的人还指出，未测试地板与墙壁和建筑物其他地方之间的连接。也许最隐蔽的问题是，对光束，圆柱，墙壁，地板和屋顶进行了单独测试，而不是作为组装的实际建筑物进行测试。想象一下，如果我们以这种方式测试飞机！
So, while the fire service is thoroughly engaged in evaluating our tactical and procedural approach to structural firefighting, the very battlefield where we conduct those firefights is not undergoing the same rigorous evaluation and study. Several major fire service groups involved with construction and codes have been lobbying aggressively for better testing and alternative language. So far, their concerns have gone unheeded. This could be for many reasons—financial, procedural, or a perceived lack of interest from the general fire service itself. We don’t think that is the case at all. What we think is that we are not sure how to have our voices heard.
American firefighters want buildings and their structural systems to be studied under modern fuel loads. We want these structural systems tested as a complete building, not individual pieces. We want that research communicated to us so that we can better evaluate areas of refuge and evacuation routes and have a greater sense of understanding regarding collapse and failure. As firefighters, we understand that nothing is perfect: All buildings can fail, all systems can fail, and so we are not asking for perfection. But, what American firefighters are demanding is realistic, accurate, and full-scale testing of modern buildings and their complete structural systems.
We admire old aircraft, but we shouldn’t travel with our families on them. We can admire old testing methods, but we shouldn’t bet people’s lives or ours on them.
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