(Photo by unknown photographer)
David Destefano的文章
通常，对于想要篡改成功的行动方案的人来说，“如果没有打破，请不要解决它”是一个很好的建议。不过，在消防服务中，在一个环境中可能运作良好的行动计划可能会导致消防员在另一种情况下受伤或死亡。
许多消防部门都习惯于在他们制定的战术中，在多年的过程中已经尝试过的战术和真实的战术。Engine companiesmay stretch preconnects, ladder companies may perform vertical ventilation and conduct aggressive searches well within the limit of their air supply.消防员首席官可能希望建筑物会根据过去的许多经历对火灾作出反应。
These fires become repeat performances of the same show where firefighters begin to expect the same events and outcomes based on past successful operations at previous fires. Instead of going to 100 fires, this mindset becomes that of going to one fire 100 times. Although many communities feature a predominant style of construction, different building types and occupancy hazards can always be found within the jurisdiction.
To lessen the possibility of being a victim of past success, firefighters can review some of the tactics that are employed most often. This will give you a sense of how to adapt them for fires in various types of buildings.
The Preconnect Stretch
米any fire departments handle the vast majority of fires in single-family and small multi-dwellings using a preconnected 1¾-inch hand line stretched in the ground floor entrance door. Preconnected lines may be deployed efficiently by companies operating with less than ideal staffing. When packed to suit the majority of the required stretches in a district, they are an asset on the modern fireground. An experienced attack team operating an 1 ¾ line can knock down a tremendous amount of fire. However, firefighters may become victims of their past success using this equipment when confronted with a different scenario. Firefighters operating at a fire in a commercial building, especially a fire of unknown size and location, should not employ the same tactics that were effective at the residential fire. The square footage and access points of a commercial building may place the location of the fire beyond the reach of a standard preconnect and the reach, penetration, and flow of a 2½-inch line may be required.
有关的：提高三重或预连接软管负荷的有效性|PRECONNECTED HOSELINES
空气管理
与前连接的思维定势相似，许多消防部门主要在住宅的火灾中运作。除了酒窖的火灾外，这些住宅通常提供许多窗户和门，消防员在空气中降低时可能会流出。此外，这些建筑物通常具有小隔间空间，可以更轻松地维护公司的完整性。此外，可以听到其他公司在该地区运营，并可以迅速要求寻求帮助。在这些结构中的许多事件中成功工作后，当面对一系列不同的情况时，消防员可能会变得自满。例如在大型商业或工业占用率中遇到的那些。
在大型结构内部进行操作可能几乎没有空气管理方面的错误。通常，工业建筑物的外门很少，而且许多实际上都是无窗的。在监测其空气供应方面相对于出口手段监测其空气供应方面的成员可能会在这种环境下付出沉重的代价。只需通过方便的门或窗户躲在外面，可能是一个选择。同样，快速干预团队的帮助可能需要更长的时间才能到达麻烦的消防员。
有关的：您的部门是否遵守NFPA 1404空中管理政策？|空中管理问答规则
屋顶操作
一些部门可能习惯于在几乎所有工作的火灾中启动屋顶运营。在给定司法管辖区的大多数结构中，此行动可能适合促进搜索和攻击线的发展。但是，火灾正上方的屋顶（或任何位置）可以说是火场上最危险的地方。致力于这个脆弱地点的成员必须在投入任何操作之前规模大小规模大小，以及大火的位置，范围和预期旅行，以及建筑物的建设以及通道和出口手段。在这个裸露的位置操作时，持续的尺寸为保持适当的安全水平至关重要。习惯于在实质性结构的建筑物屋顶上工作的消防员必须意识到，现代轻型木材或钢结构的失败将比某些较旧的建筑物迅速失效。
Truck companymembers may have become conditioned to working above active fire based on experiences in older buildings constructed with large dimensional lumber. If those firefighters rely on past experience and fail to consider the variable of lightweight construction, they will likely be at considerable risk.
有关的：The Great Vertical Ventilation Debate Rekindled|垂直通风：它仍然应该是主要的战术分配吗？
*
从成功的行动中摆脱的措施不仅应涉及对战略目标和战术计划的审查，而且还应根据火山的动态或不同的结构组件进行改变战术的潜力。消防员可以学习有价值的课程，并根据常见的火灾场景开发有效的操作。但是，真正做好准备的消防员比在每场大火中取得最后成功的舒适性更好。
大卫·德斯塔诺（David Destefano）is a 26-year veteran of the North Providence (RI) Fire Department, where he serves as captain of Ladder Co. 1. He was previously assigned as a Lieutenant in Ladder 1 and Engine 3 and a firefighter in Ladder 1. He has a master’s degree in public administration and a bachelor’s degree in fire science. He is an instructor/coordinator for the Rhode Island Fire Academy and teaches a variety of fire service topics throughout Southern New England. He can be reached atdmd2334@cox.net。
