（1）消防部门潜水员进行潜水操作。作者的照片除外。
Water-related incidents can cover a wide variety of emergency calls. Some fire departments may have a specialized rescue team that handles water responses, whereas other departments may have a regional or state team that can be called in to assist with these types of calls. Working at a special operations fire station that is tasked with responding to water-related emergencies, drowning, and evidence recoveries for almost a decade, our department has developed a few rules that work for us. This article will touch on just one part of water-related calls: what the first-arriving company can do when members arrive on a scene of a missing person in the water. This will also cover information that can be gathered and passed on to a water recovery team that is responding to your scene.
这是一个非常真实的场景。你值班get a call to a large pond with reports of a swimmer in trouble. Upon arrival you are met by a frantic and screaming witness who directs you to an area by the water where two other people are staring across the water with tears on their face. As you look across the water, you see that the water is still—no bubbles, no waves, and no sign of any victim. What do you do now? What is your department’s policy? The witnesses quickly tell you that there was a child swimming across the pond and all of a sudden he started struggling, went under water, and has not yet surfaced. Now you know you may have a drowning. Who do you call for a body recovery? Does your department have a dive team? Will a regional or statewide team be deployed to your location? What information and actions can you do right now that will help to mitigate this incident?
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与所有呼叫一样，没有一种“石头”来处理每一个溺水。但是，我们想查看一些您可以在其中一些类型的调用中使用的一些提示。首先，与证人联系，并将他们与其他人分开。如果可能的话，也将它们彼此分开。至关重要的是，您可以迅速采访并收集这些人的信息。在恢复团队将延迟到达您的位置的情况下，尤其如此。请记住，目击者没有开始计划看到这样的创伤场面，例如溺水在他们面前的人。他们想对我们有所帮助，并且不想感到自己是错误的或提供错误的信息。目击者互相交谈并比较故事并重播他们的脑海中的时间越长，改变故事的事实越多，就越大。如果可能的话，请尽快固定并分离它们。 The information that we collect now, while it is fresh and hopefully the most accurate, can have a large impact on the incident.
(2) Dive team members on a boat.
与证人交谈时，请记住让他们告诉我们这个故事。至关重要的是，不要提出可能导致证人朝向错误方向的主要问题。另一个成功的采访策略是将目击者放在他们目睹溺水时所站在同一地点。尝试使证人可视化并思考活动。似乎对他们或美国的偶然信息可能对恢复团队很有价值。
Things you must try to find out:
- What happened?
- 是什么导致了该活动？
- 受害者最后一次见面？
- 受害者最后一次见面多久？
重要的是,成员必须试图满足the location of the victim using stationary landmarks, which can be a challenging endeavor. If you can get the witness back in the place they were standing, try to use stationary objects in the background to establish boundaries or a reference point of last known location for the victim. The first on-scene crew also needs to draw out the scene and not leave the location up to their memory. If you have multiple witnesses from different angles and can get a triangulated position from each of them, you can greatly increase the efficiency of your search area.
Another tactic that has been very effective in our area is to recreate the scene using a firefighter in place of the victim. This tactic comes with some stipulations:
- Static (non-moving) water
- Non-contaminated water
- The water must be safe for firefighter entry
- 消防员必须训练
- The firefighter must be equipped with life jacket
If all conditions are met, have the firefighter swim out to the location that the witness states they last saw the victim. While that firefighter is floating in the water, ask the witness to remember the event and ask them if the firefighter looks closer or farther away than the victim was. What we have found is that usually the firefighter gets to the location that the witness is reporting and they realize the victim was further away then they first thought. Then we can have the firefighter move to the new location, which is often much closer to the location to where the actual victim was found. Once we locate the area, we have the in-water firefighter drop a buoy to mark the spot. If you do not have a commercially sold buoy you can use a milk jug stuffed with rope and tied to a weight to make a buoy.
(3) Fire department divers operate in a pond. Photo by Brad Tobin.
（4）一名潜水员在池塘顶上航行藻类，而沿着绳索的成员则抬起绳子。布拉德·托宾（Brad Tobin）的照片。
收集了所有这些信息后，请使用它来建立合理的搜索区域。当您收集这些信息并采访证人时，现场其他成员可能会采取一些行动。普遍建议，无论游泳能力如何，水都在水下10英尺内穿着救生衣。他们可以隔离该区域，并使旁观者远离水。在水边缘搜索受害者在那里的迹象，并将信息与证人陈述结合使用，以帮助三角剖分受害者的立场。第一位派生的公司可以开始对银行进行彻底的搜索，在最后一点点场景下游或下风的地区对受害者的任何迹象都有特殊的兴趣。
与水有关的呼叫的失踪人员可能会很难缓解。水回电有时可能需要几个小时甚至几天才能完成。机组人员应该记住，起步良好的事件通常会很好地结束。您可以从证人那里收集的信息越多，您就会在建立搜索区域的教育程度越高。搜索区越好，潜水员对条件的接触越少，消防公司就可以恢复服务，而家庭越快就可以找到他们所爱的人。
JOSH PEARCYhas worked in fire/EMS for more than 16 years. He is a firefighter/paramedic for the Oklahoma City (OK) Fire Department, where he has served since 2007. For the past five years, he has been stationed at Station 8, the special rescue station for the Oklahoma City metro area. He has been a fire/EMS instructor for the past 12 years. He is a member of OK-TF1 and is certified as a firefighter II, a paramedic, a hazmat technician, a confined space technician, a structural collapse technician, a rope rescue technician, a trench rescue technician, a heavy extrication specialist, a swift water technician, an underwater dive recovery specialist, a dive instructor train-the-trainer, a fire department instructor, and a state EMS instructor. He has also presented atFDIC International。
