这self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)是最先进和最复杂的一块个人防护装备（PPE）T.hatfirefightershave to protect us in the environment of the fireground, which isT.oxic and not adequate to support life。
那么SCBA如何保护消防员？它保护我们身体中最大，最容易受到损害的系统，呼吸系统。来自有毒环境的一口气可以杀死我们我们甚至无法看到我们在呼吸的呼吸！所有消防员都必须在暴露于任何异常工作环境时佩戴并使用他们的SCBA。没有借口足以证明没有穿着SCBA，虽然一些消防员仍然试图原谅自己这样做。
这SCBAis comprised of four parts: regulator, cylinder, back plate and harness, and face piece. No matter what brand of SCBA you are using, they all have these four basic components. Let’s look at each one to detail how well they will protect you when wearing it.
这面部碎片protects the user’s face and mouth (photo 1). The face piece doubles as a connection point for the regulator as well as impact protection for the face with the lens. With the current National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1981,Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency Services,脸的镜头能够机智hstand higher heat temperatures (above 500°F) when exposed to them. The previous versions of the face pieces had a lower temperature rating (under 500°F) which made it the weakest link of the SCBA and PPE ensemble. The special coatings on the lens allows for more heat absorption and heat sink, which protects the user from the face piece failing too quickly when exposed to elevated temperatures. However, this can also be a detriment to the user because the heat absorbed is not able to dissipate quickly enough, causing the special coatings on the lens to break down. This is evident when inspecting the lens of the mask and noticing the marble-looking cracks and waves on the lens.
这监管机构（照片2）是封闭系统进入发挥的地方，因为它连接到面部件并从气缸中提供与使用者的连续空气流动。调节器中的空气流量从2,216psi，4,500或5,500psi的气缸压力下降到约100psi或更小。这是用户的透气压力，并且足以驱逐不需要的环境污染物从破碎的密封件进入面部件。该监管机构在目前的NFPA 2013版本中必须符合CBRN，这意味着在暴露于有限的辐射，化学，生物学和核类型的污染时仍将起作用和功能。
相关消防员培训
这unique feature of the regulator is the emergency bypass valve–this is the firefighter’s protection feature when the regulator fails to work. The user can manually open the bypass valve and still have a free flow of air provided to them for the express purpose of getting out and staying alive. This function can be either opened fully with free-flowing air occurring or it can be opened and closed intermittently to allow for more air consumption time for getting out and staying alive.
这背板和线束is where the electronic brains of the SCBA are usually located as well as the reducing block for the cylinder air to be processed and stepped down for the regulator (photo 3). Within the back plate will be the hoses for both high- and low-pressure systems running up and supplying the different aspects of the SCBA. These hoses will be buried within the backplate to protect them as much as possible from any entanglement hazards and cutting hazards. The previous versions of SCBA had these hoses exposed, which makes the firefighter vulnerable to potential snag and cutting hazards.
这straps of the SCBA are also designed to provide protection for the user. They are made from a Kevlar type of material for abrasion and cut resistance, which allows the user to not have to worry about the straps coming apart from the backplate when exposed to those hazards. Most straps will also have reflective material added to the front of them to provide more visibility at nighttime or when a light is shined upon them.
消防员的工作环境是苛刻的，SCBA已经设计和建造，以满足这些恶劣的要求，以便它可以起作用并为用户提供高水平的安全性和保护。确保您的消防员在他们应该佩戴它。
Mark Van der FeysT.has been in the fire service since 1999 and is a firefighter with the Fort Gratiot (MI) Fire Department. He is an international instructor teaching in Canada, the United States, and India, and at FDIC. He is also the lead author ofResidential Fire Rescue（188金宝搏是正规吗消防工程书籍和视频）。他可以联系Mark@FireStarTraining.com。
