第3部分为3
Article and photos by Joe Pronesti
遗产第三型施工结构中成188金博网网址多少功的消防业务需要一名擅长两种主要项目的指挥官：预测和扇形局势。
On social media pages I came across a meme with the picture of the great retired FDNY ChiefVincent Dunnwith a quote supposedly from him stating: “It’s better to be lucky rather than smart, but if you’re smart you have a better chance of being lucky.” This quote sums up the Main Street incident commander (IC). As you study Main Street fire incidents, keep in mind the need for luck mixed with knowledge and leadership.
All Eyes Will Be On You
According to the National Fire Protection Association, from 2013-2017 there were an average of 354,400 residential fires per year. Many of these occurred with little more note than a press clipping or social media blurb with pictures. If close to a major metro area, you might see a television news 30-second report that, except for those with a vested interest such as the homeowner, instantly wanes from public attention. If you on the other hand burn down a city block of historic buildings in your community, everyone in town, especially the politicians, will be looking at the fire department and its leadership with a microscope. That was the impetus behind myFDIC International班级，“主要街道火灾：你准备好了吗？”
RELATED TRAINING
Keeping Track of Firefighters on the Fireground
Qualities of Effective Incident Commanders
Managing Big Fires 101: Divide and Conquer
APPARATUS POSITIONING: EARLY DECISIONS SAVE THE DAY
在警报之前的光学器件
Although you can’t get into every house in your response district or town, many commanders can and should get into the first-floor storefront and common upper floor hallways of your Main Street buildings. These occupancies can change rather quickly and you must do all you can to stay on top of the changes. Some points to consider for commanders as you prepare and review your legacy attached structures:
- 占用和生活危害
- 供水和如何将水进入该地区
- Ability to get additional command help to scene
- Training
- Use of modern technology
Occupancy and Life Hazard
In my town, for example, after 120 years or so you can pretty much bet that the building built for a haberdashery is not still be using in that capacity. Over the years, many storefronts change hands. Did you notice that the florist shop from the 1900s is now a dollar store loaded with plastics and synthetics? Getting out and really looking at these occupancies is the key. Having an excellent relationship with your local building department and Fire Prevention officials will also better prepare you.
The life hazards in the apartments/lofts above Type III and Type V taxpayers can vary. If you protect a college town, look for apartments and sleeping areas in every conceivable place. In a fire that occurred in the college town of Athens, Ohio, the small peaked of a burning building held an apartment as you can see in the picture. If you protect an area with high transient housing like my department does, be on the lookout for single-room occupancies.
Water Supply
被称为消防栓的沉默的哨兵可以给火指挥官在主要街道上是一种虚假的安全感。当我们的大多数火灾我们指挥在单个水域上的单个消毒剂时，在您的火灾前的水和缺乏准备的时候可以花费时间和能量，这一事件指挥官不能丢失。请记住，遗留主要街道结构可能是您镇上的第一个建筑物，但是在这些街道下面很可能在需求和消费的情况下到位时的水源很大。沉积物和年龄可能是减少供水资源的一个因素。如果您开始在同一主堵塞消防栓，您将要询问麻烦。了解并制定需要水的临时意见。您的城市，地区或县是否能够建立水班车？许多有主要街道的小型社区和村庄也有农村地区，可能没有消防栓，并使用油轮/嫩装置制成水班车。当一个严重的主要街道火灾点击时，一个明智的事件指挥官有一个计划和供水官员，以处理这种令人敬畏的责任。许多新闻发布会在捍卫烧毁的城市街区时，有一个消防局长或官方描述缺水。 Have a water plan!
命令级别帮助
我最近审查了一个主要的街道火视频，其中命令队长正在围绕火车上的每个位置。没有命令帮助在后方，这个“孤独的指挥官”基本上是每次打电话，并试图看到大局。火灾在镇广场，两种结构，包括着名的家庭企业，迷失了。
来自酋长的好小费Anthony Avillopromotes the use of command-level officers in positions the incident commander can’t see. These include exposures, roofs, alleys, shafts, etc. How does a smaller department with limited staffing do this? It’s about planning. Have lunch with surrounding chiefs in your county. Do something to fosters relationships prior to your Main Street fire. In this way you can plug fellow commanders into important sector positions, thus increasing safety and efficiency.
显然,这是说起来容易做起来难。在我的公司unty, for instance, there are only two on-duty command officers that have their own vehicle and have the chief officer designation. Full disclosure, my department hasn’t entirely figured it out, but that doesn’t mean you can’t.
A word of caution on placing company officers into command positions such as sectors: remember that day in and day out a company-level boss is used to supervising two/three subordinates. When you place them in a rear alley off your Main Street and ask them to supervise three mutual aid engines and two trucks, you might be setting the company officer and your fireground up for failure. Company bosses are used to going for the goal (fire) in a sector spot. They may have to focus on the building as opposed to the fire blowing out four windows in the alley.
Training
If you are reading this, you are already focused on training, so I just want to highlight two items as a shift commander or command boss you can control: getting your companies out into these buildings and having your aerial units set up and practice working in or on these buildings.
Do your members know how many lengths to reach the top floor above “Pronesti Florist”? A quick stretch using utility rope can prepare you and get your members into these buildings—killing two birds with one stone.
The next time you have a nice sunny afternoon or beautiful summer drill night, take your aerial out onto your Main Street. Better yet, have your operators and apparatus set up in the alleyways that commonly border the rear of many Main Streets.
技术
使用最新技术可能对火灾前的指挥官有益。顶上的卫星图像可以让您为您的遗产商业区的眼睛视图。考虑使用无人机在火之前和在火灾期间。我从俄亥俄州西北火灾部门采访了一名酋长，他们能够使用县应急管理无人机，在其主要街道火灾中找到热点。在非火灾条件下，无人机也可以帮助检测主街道建筑物的结构问题。尽可能多的紧急服务，与那些拥有这些高科技单位的人交朋友。
During the Fire Command Optics
0300年1月一个寒冷的夜晚在你的城镇。你are roused from your bunk by the tones reporting smoke coming from the Smith Restaurant on the corner of Main and Ordinary Street. You have prepared for your Main Street event; now it’s showtime. What optics will you be seeing from your command post or officer seat?
Communications are always a priority at any fire. When was the last time you and your department trained on sector reports or adding additional command channels? Most small departments have never used or furnished the IC with an aide, but this is one event where you had better find one…the sooner, the better. If you haven’t planned for an aide, consider doing so now before the fire. Once the fire hits, find someone who can assist you in documenting, organizing, and listening to the radio.
This will be up for debate, but a Main Street IC must get themselves in a strategic spot as soon as possible away from the chaos that will be unfolding. I am an in-the-vehicle kind of IC. Before that turns you off as a reader, I want to make it clear that it does not matter where you go but find a spot where you can be in command and away from the commotion. Main Street fires require a thinking, strategic IC who can forecast and see the big picture. There is no way any boss can do this if he or she must interact with a citizen who comes up asking if you want doughnuts and coffee for the crews or the exasperated owner of the wig shop three doors down from the fire wanting to go inside their business. Main Street fires bring out the crowds and distractions; find a secluded spot.
必须考虑整个块的设备放置。命令可能需要比在常规房屋火上更有强大和直接的空中放置。一旦你发现你的天线，你就可以忘记移动它们。IC必须在抵达到主要街道火灾时立即考虑折叠区域和侧翼位置，无论是什么还是没有显示。
主要街头火车
像我们大多数人一样，艾伦“公牛”杜邦的Grandview（Mo）消防部门于2015年10月5日上班。然而，在他转变的最初几个小时内，他的部门被称为两个 -据报道，街市建筑多达四个平民被困。该建筑在一楼的零售业务铺设了零售商，七个住宅公寓位于二楼。“公牛”船员到达并立即开始搜索操作。警察已经删除了一个被困的占用者，但更多的是在里面报道。在1003小时时，天花板坍塌在二楼，捕获杜邦。他收传了五月天，他成功救出。救援人士被公民记录，视频走出了“病毒”，显示他的空中设备操作员爬上梯子来拯救他。这是一个可能的悲剧成功的结果。
A well-thought-out rapid intervention team (RIT) and understanding the differences between a “residential” and “Main Street” RIT may one day help you save a life. Additional crews will be needed for commercial RIT. It may be smart to have chief officers in charge of these teams set up on the A and C sides. Remember, you can’t ask a group of members to “run around the block to the alley and throw a ladder” to rescue a firefighter.
Teams should consider the establish of RIT-specific hoselines in the event fire suppression may be needed to save or rescue a member. This tactic was underscored to me when studying the line of duty death of two members in a Texas VFW hall.
预报
ICs must be able to forecast what will be happening in five, 10, or 20 minutes on the fireground. This really isn’t needed or practiced much at the everyday house fire. Most unsuccessful Main Street campaigns ending in a burned-out block of buildings can be contributed to a lack of forecasting or a commander emphasizing current conditions rather than looking to the future.
JOSEPH PRONESTIis a 29-year veteran of the Elyria (OH) Fire Department, where he is a shift commander. He is a graduate of the Ohio Fire Chiefs’ Executive Officer program and a lead instructor at the Cuyahoga (OH) County Community College Fire Academy. He is a contributor to fire service publications and sites, including188金宝搏是正规吗andfirefighternation.com.
CORRECTION (3/27/2020):An earlier version of this story referred to the National Fire Protection Agency, which is incorrect; it is the National Fire Protection Association, and has been amended.
