发动机公司运营基于在火灾中获取水的使命。为了实现这一目标，消防员使用Hoselines和喷嘴作为输送系统，以将水从泵放电运输到火灾区域并将其施加到火上。您可以完美地执行火灾攻击操作的每个方面，但如果您不正确管理Hoselines和喷嘴，操作仍然失败。喷嘴管理是所有消防员应该掌握的基本技能。它包括多个方面，例如喷嘴和喷嘴手部定位和喷嘴运动。
Nozzle and Hand Positioning
Nozzle positioning and hoseline management are critical to the fire attack operation. If incorrect nozzle positioning occurs, the nozzle team may struggle to operate the nozzle in a manner that directs the fire stream at the fire, making it more difficult to move the nozzle in any direction. Similarly, improper hose management can make maneuvering a hoseline more difficult when navigating the nozzle around corners, turns, and other friction points. Many times, incorrect nozzle positioning is the result of the nozzle firefighter’s using the nozzle’s pistol grip to control the nozzle. When the pistol grip of the nozzle is used during fire attack, the nozzle typically ends up positioned in the nozzle firefighter’s armpit. The nozzle is ineffective when it is in this position unless the fire is directly in front of the nozzle firefighter and is of low enough intensity that it can be extinguished with little or no nozzle movement. Additionally, when you hold the nozzle in this position, the hose has a tendency to kink directly behind the nozzle.
的correct position for the nozzle is about an arm’s length in front of the nozzle firefighter. Position the nozzle in front of the nozzle firefighter, but the control bail of the nozzle should never extend beyond the reach of the nozzle firefighter. When correctly positioned in front of the nozzle firefighter, the nozzle firefighter should be able to use the nozzle control bail at any time. When a fog nozzle is used, the nozzle firefighter must also always be able to reach and control the adjustable fog tip.
(1) The positioning of the firefighter’s rear hand allows for the hoseline to be “pinned” up against the firefighter’s hip to assist in resisting the nozzle reaction forces.（照片由Brian Brush提供。）
的positioning of the nozzle firefighter’s hands is very important. Proper hand positioning will not only allow for effective use of the nozzle but it will also limit the amount of strength required by the nozzle firefighter to combat nozzle reaction. A backup firefighter who is properly positioned on the hoseline behind the nozzle firefighter is a vital member of the nozzle team. A skilled backup firefighter can absorb most of the nozzle reaction and literally “lighten up” on the hoseline when it is advanced. Although a backup firefighter allows the nozzle firefighter to focus on directing the nozzle’s stream, he cannot absorb all the nozzle’s reaction. Therefore, it is critical that the nozzle firefighter hold the hoseline properly to operate the nozzle effectively and resist its reaction forces.
在喷嘴的三个最常见的手的位置firefighters, the forward hand position remains the same: with an underhand grip close to the coupling that connects the nozzle to the hoseline. In this position, the nozzle firefighter’s forward hand can allow for additional nozzle movement as opposed to if the hand were positioned on the nozzle itself. While using an underhand grip, the nozzle firefighter can position the elbow of his forward arm against his body to help resist the nozzle’s reaction. By positioning his elbow against his body, the nozzle firefighter can conserve energy and focus on operating the nozzle.
三手定位选项的主要差异是喷嘴消防员后方的位置以及掌握对抗他身体的位置。对于第一个选项，喷嘴消防员应该将他的后手放在他的臀部旁边的拐弯机上。通过以这种方式定位他的手，喷嘴消防员可以将袜子推到他的臀部，以帮助吸收喷嘴反应，基本上“将”掌握到他的臀部。
For the second option, the nozzle firefighter positions his rear hand in an underhand grip just in front of his chest with the hoseline in his armpit. When using this hand position, he can “pin” the hoseline in his armpit with his arm and the side of the chest to assist in resisting the nozzle reaction forces.
对于第三个手定位选项，喷嘴消防员将他的腿定位在袜子的另一侧，并抬起他的另一个膝盖（靠在袜子旁边的膝盖）并将他的后手放在朝上的抓地力中。第二个和第三选项之间的差异是第三种选择需要喷嘴消防员将他的后臂弯头定位在凸起的腿上;这为他提供了额外的帮助，抵抗喷嘴反应力。
(2) By positioning his elbow against his raised leg, the firefighter increases his ability to resist the nozzle reaction forces.
喷嘴运动
Proper nozzle management also includes using correct nozzle movement, of which there are two types: advancing and fire attack. The two primary times you will need to use the nozzle while advancing a hoseline are to cool the floor and any burning or smoldering objects on the floor and to clear a pathway of hazards for the nozzle team as it advances.
的two most commonadvancingnozzle movements are “sweeping the floor” and “the bounce.” They are used in conjunction with each other—one after the other—as the nozzle team advances. When sweeping the floor, the nozzle stream is directed at the floor in front of the advancing nozzle team and operated in a side-to-side motion to clear a path for the nozzle team. “The bounce,” on the other hand, does not use the side-to-side motion of “sweeping the floor”; instead, the bounce requires the nozzle firefighter to direct the nozzle stream at the floor ahead of the advancing nozzle team in a quick up-and-down motion (as if the nozzle is “bouncing”). The nozzle team should listen to the stream as it strikes the floor; a change in the stream’s sound could indicate that there is a stairway or a hole in the floor ahead of them.
It is important that the nozzle firefighter ensures that he directs the nozzle stream at the floor directly in front of his line of sight when performing either of these techniques. It is easy to accidentally direct the stream at the floor several feet around him, but this does not clear a direct path in front of him. Instead, he should have the nozzle stream impact the ground directly in front of his position.
When the hose reaches the fire area, properfire attack喷嘴运动是必需的。的best way to describe proper fire attack nozzle movement is “aggressive,” which is the most effective type of fire attack nozzle movement regardless of the movement pattern being used. Simply directing the fire stream in the area of the fire and leaving the stream in that position will not effectively extinguish the fire. Lazy nozzle movement that moves the fire stream across the area slowly is much less effective than aggressive nozzle movement.
两个最常见的喷嘴运动模式是“O”和“Z”图案，其涉及喷嘴消防员以字母“O”或“Z”的协调图案操作喷嘴。另一个常用的喷嘴运动是“倒U”。这里，喷嘴流被引导到天花板和墙壁相遇的点。然后，流横跨天花板，沿着相对的墙壁，返回墙壁和横跨天花板，然后第一，然后备份细胞。无论您使用哪种喷嘴运动模式，都会积极地执行这些喷嘴运动，并快速移动。
Nozzle movement must begin at the ceiling level because that area contains the highest temperatures and must be cooled. Also, some of the water deflected off the ceiling will fail to cool the fuels that are producing the layer of fire gases. Once the fire stream is in operation and has been directed at the ceiling level, the nozzle firefighter can now operate the fire stream on the rest of the fire area.
的re is more to the nozzle firefighter position than opening and closing the nozzle control bail. An effective nozzle firefighter must know how to properly position the nozzle as well as his hands on the hoseline. The nozzle firefighter must also operate the nozzle effectively, best described asaggressive喷嘴运动。结合喷嘴管理的这些方面将允许喷嘴操作有效。
ANTHONY ROWETTJR. is a captain with the Mobile (AL) Fire Rescue Department. He previously was a volunteer firefighter with the Ogdensburg (NJ) Fire Department. He has an associate degree in fire science technology from County College of Morris (NJ), a bachelor’s degree in fire science, and a master’s degree in emergency services management from Columbia Southern University. He has been published in Fire Engineering and FireRescue magazines.
