经过杰里·纳普（Jerry Knapp）
Somewhere in your first-due area are specific, high-hazard occupancies. They could be as simple as a gas station or as complex as a manufacturing plant with numerous hazardous materials in large quantities, a group home, or a hospital.
We tend to forget about these low-profile and high-hazard occupancies because we have not had a fire or an alarm in them in recent memory. We are all painfully aware of的频率t flyers，具有自动警报的地方，我们经常去。
本文的目的是提醒您寻找特定的target hazards在你的区域进行prefire inspection。This inspection will familiarize you with the hazards, existing suppression systems, building characteristics, life hazards, and so on. It generally only takes an hour or so (except for exceptionally large buildings) and the information you gain can save your life and the lives of your members during a fire. In addition to identifying hazards to firefighters, you will be able to develop action plans for a fire or an emergency at the facility. Tactical and strategic priorities become apparent and are often the topic of lively discussions back at the firehouse after the site visit. The site visit is good for the occupants and good for firefighters.
ONE EXAMPLE
最近，我的部门对我们地区的一栋普通建筑进行了现场访问。它是电话开关站或轮毂建筑物，用于电话，光纤计算机以及到三个当地社区的电视线路。该建筑与周围环境融为一体；一些员工卡车停在了很多地方，总的来说，它通常不会引起任何人的注意。直到几周前我们去那里出现虚假警报为止。
在错误的警报期间，我们学到了一些重要的知识：外门锁已更改，钥匙盒中的钥匙没有，因此我们无法进入；员工发生了变化，我们的调度中心没有建筑联系人的工作编号；当我们进入时，我们对建筑物中的新设备和危害感到震惊。正如弗兰克·布兰尼根（Frank Brannigan）一直说的那样：“这座建筑不仅是从火星降落的”，因此我们应该熟悉它。对于我们必须处理的所有其他优先事项，这是一个简单，常见的监督。
Department leaders contacted the corporate headquarters facility manager and arranged for a visit. I am not an expert in these buildings or their high-tech contents, but I will try to share with you some of the more extreme hazards we found. The specifics of the hazards aside, the important point here is to schedule annual site visits to target hazards in your area to update names, keys, alarm system, and other important information.
THE BUILDING
Corporate safety has come a long way in the past few years, which is good for firefighters when we respond to these target hazard facilities. Just inside the front door is the alarm annunciator panel and building drawings and fire plans. The specifics of this installation are not important. What is important is that your department knows where these plans are and at least the basic details they contain.
This particular building was similar to a Type I building: steel skeleton, concrete panel roof, concrete/block walls, and limited doors and windows. Obviously, ventilation could be a serious problem for working fires. Additionally, the building dates back to about 1960, when codes were a bit less stringent, and it appeared there were some unprotected steel structural members.
这些建筑物可能会或可能没有熄灭的系统；他们很可能有检测和警报系统。任何后果的火都可以停止通往广泛区域的电话，电视和计算机服务。
危险
为了提供不间断的服务，通常会有两个备用电源：湿电池电池和标准发电机。湿电池电池就像常见的自动电池，但大得多（48V）。像所有湿细胞电池一样，它们在加热时可以产生氢气，并且含有高浓缩的硫酸。
To provide a longer-term electric source, a backup generator is present. This may be inside or outside the building. A fuel source, usually a diesel tank, is nearby or piped into the generator if it is inside.
Several years ago in the southern part of our county, a department experienced a significant fire in the insulated wires in the cable trays that run throughout the building. It took several tries to get the redundant electric backup systems safely shut down, with obvious hazards to firefighters in the process.
THE EQUIPMENT
With the advent of fiber optic and computers in every home, these buildings contain both old-style twisted copper switch gear and support equipment and modern distribution and switch gear for the fiber. Visually, you will see racks of color-coded, copper-insulated wires and stacks of computer-controlled equipment.
您可能猜到，所有电子设备都会产生大量的热量。对于这种尺寸的典型建筑物，供暖，通风和空调设备异常大。HVAC设备需要大量的电动服务，您可能会发现建筑物的高压服务。寻找建筑物附近的垫子安装或地下安装的变压器。
典型的火
尽管可能没有典型的火灾，但这些建筑物中的火灾通常涉及整个建筑物中架子和托盘的电线上的橡胶和塑料绝缘材料。请咨询您当地的设施和设备专家，以获取最佳灭火方法。出于明显的原因，来自软管溪流的水不是一个不错的选择。干粉将严重损坏计算机系统，因此离开CO2作为可能的选择。
这篇简短的文章触及了一些危害，策略和策略，供您考虑您所在地区的一个目标危害。不用说，您和您的部门必须进行这些预火检查，以使您熟悉危害并在音调进来之前制定您的行动计划。许多部门已经在计算机系统中捕获了这些重要数据，这些数据可在收到警报后即时检索。
杰里·纳普（Jerry Knapp）is the assistant chief for the Rockland County (NY) Hazmat Team and a training officer at the Rockland County Fire Training Center in Pomona, New York. He is a 35-year veteran firefighter/EMT with the West Haverstraw (NY) Fire Department, has a degree in fire protection, and was a nationally registered paramedic. Knapp is the plans officer for the Directorate of Emergency Services at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York.
