警报是在上午3:00之后发出的。当调度员宣布在橡树街456号举行的房屋大火的报告时，发动机1的消防员赶紧向设备地板展开。两名消防员及其船长开始为他们到达地址时可能遇到的东西做准备，沿着他们所在地区的几乎空旷的街道只有两分钟的车程。
With his firefighters in the apparatus, the captain climbed to his seat, secured hisseat belt, and acknowledged their response on the mobile data terminal while confirming the address with the vocal dispatch. Although the driver/operator was familiar with the district, the captain confirmed with him the route they would take to the call. The crew of Engine 1 knew that they would be first arriving with the second-in engine and first-in truck arriving form the headquarters station along with their battalion chief. The members of Engine 1 could expect reinforcements about four or five minutes after their arrival.
RELATED TRAINING
“Hitting the Hydrant” to Establish a Water Supply
As the rig made the last turn on to Oak Street, the firefighters could now see a distinct glow at the end of the block. The orange light of the leaping flames outshone the streetlights, and as the engine drew closer to the fire the street was cast with long shadows as nearby residents gathered on the sidewalk. The captain and his crew knew that in this neighborhood the residences were typically small, multi-unit dwellings built close to the street with very close exposures on either side.
从街道的尽头可以看到大量大火，船长下令驱动程序/操作员to stop at a hydrant located about 300 feet from the fire building. Although the second-arriving engine would ordinarily lay a supply line to the attack pumper, the captain of Engine 1 had formulated a strategy that would allow for an efficient and effective attack that could be easily supported by the next-arriving engine company. With his knowledge of the district, the captain was aware that, given the volume of fire he could already see, there would likely be severely threatened exposures and thus a need for a high-flow, rapid attack. The firefighter in the crew cab quickly dismounted and wrapped the five-inch supply line around the hydrant as the captain radioed his plans to the responding battalion chief and second-due engine.
驾驶员/操作员缓慢行驶，经过火灾大楼的前部，为卡车公司留出了空间，同时允许泵面板上方的主流设备在可见的火上攻击角度。由于船员的怀疑，大量火灾位于三层楼房房屋的二楼前廊。大火已经开始延伸到三楼的门廊，很快就会通过屋檐进入阁楼空间。船长开始他的消防栓的消防员正在建立联系360° size-up, and the driver/operator made her way topside to position the master stream for action.
当船长完成调查并最初的条件，行动和需求报告时，他可以听到远处警报器的哀号。驾驶员/操作员向主流充电，并呼吁从消防栓中取水。在固定五英寸软管提供的连续供水后，驾驶员/操作员返回了设备上的位置，以播放流，以发挥最佳效果。
RELATED TRAINING
Time Well Spent in the District
The Basics of Enhancing Your Size-Up
The hydrant firefighter now made his way to the hosebed of the engine and began to stretch the appropriate length 1 ¾-inch line with the captain’s assistance. Based on his size-up survey and knowledge of the common buildings in the district, the captain knew an interior attack could be made to the fire floor via a door on the Delta side of the building. As the attack hose ran from the bed, the ladder company pulled up behind Engine 1 and the battalion chief could be heard over the radio announcing his arrival and assumption of command. The captain looked up at the front porch and observed that the bulk of the exterior fire had been darkened thanks to the large flow of the master stream. He signaled to the driver/operator to return to the pump panel and shut down the appliance. Upon this action, Engine 1 could begin to mount their interior attack with the support of the ladder company and second-arriving engine. With the exposure hazard and rapid interior fire spread efficiently in check to protect occupants and firefighters, a well-supported search-and-extinguishment operation was undertaken.
Lessons Reinforced
Arriving at 3:00 am with substantial exterior fire involving an occupied multi-family dwelling is a challenge for a single engine company. However, the crew of Engine 1 leveraged several factors to support the greatest possible use of their limited resources during the critical first minutes on the scene.
1.知道学区
There are numerous points to leverage when an officer and crew have a great deal of institutional knowledge about characteristics in their response area. In the case of Engine 1’s fire, this crew was familiar with hydrant locations and distances as well as the prevalent types of construction in this neighborhood, and perhaps even common types of fires in these buildings. The tenement houses in this neighborhood may suffer numerous outside fires on the front porches overnight because of carelessly discarded smoking materials. The large volume of fire close to the street that the captain noted from a distance offered an initial size-up clue. The members knew that there would be an exposure problem with neighboring tenements. Tactics to address these concerns were included in the captain’s initial actions.
The 360° size-up conducted by the officer helped to gain a better understanding of the situation and confirm certain aspects of the building layout. Not only could the captain make a better judgement about the extent of fire spread, but he was able to confirm the location of the door leading to all floors commonly found on the side or rear these occupancies. With this information, he was able to accurately determine the length of stretch an order the firefighter to use the correct length preconnect.
2. Make a Tactical Decision
当主管,负责。在这个事件中,the captain of Engine 1 was the first arriving incident commander. He sized up the situation and made tactical decisions based what he could realistically accomplish with his resources. He decided to put the most water possible on the fire to protect lives and lessen the chance of extension to internal or external. He was confident in his crew’s ability to accomplish their tasks. He knew the approximate response time for the next-arriving resources and he chose an option that allowed rapid application of water and establishment of a sustained water supply. Further, he communicated the deviation from the standard policy in which the second-arriving engine laid the supply line to the attack pumper. He advised the incoming battalion chief who would assume command of his initial actions so that the chief could be better prepared to support the operation upon his arrival.
3. High-Flow Attack Option
在这场大火中，发动机1的船长选择部署设备安装的主流，因为它是将大量水放在火上的最快选择。驾驶员/操作员能够以溪流有效的方式定位该设备，但钻机并未阻止第一批阶梯公司的定位。如果该物业的特色是带有相同火的后方门廊，则船长可能选择伸展2½英寸的线路或便携式主流。这本来不会那么快，但可能仍然是打击大量快速散布火的最佳初始策略。在任何情况下，将足够的水尽快带到火的位置的决定是挽救生命的最佳方法。
4. The Officer’s 360° Size-up
With the rapidly developing situation and limited initial resources, some officers may make the error of abandoning the size-up process and supporting the first tactical option they can see from the front seat of the rig. This can be a fatal error for the success of the operation as well as the lives of civilians and firefighters. After conducting the 360° size-up, the caption of Engine 1 was able to better visualize the extent of the fire spread on the second-floor porch and extension to the third-floor porch. He also confirmed that the fire had not yet traveled into the eaves, but that would happen soon without quick application of water. During the 360 size-up, the officer noted that no external exposure had become involved and that there were no victims at the windows awaiting rescue. He also confirmed that his avenue of internal attack would be undertaken through the door on the Delta side of the building once the master stream was shut down. The captain made the best use of a short period of time to gather as much additional information as possible to help guide and confirm his tactical decisions.
5.了解您的能力
Engine 1的队长能够订购这场大火中采用的策略，因为他相信自己的公司有能力安全有效地执行任务。知道您公司可以实现多少钱的唯一方法是通过培训。在各种次优的情况下，与公司进行基于方案的培训将揭露可能需要改进的领域，并在此处描述的火灾中确认您的能力。公司官员应该对成员对最小直接监督的果断行动的能力充满信心：练习方法来利用快速高流量的火灾攻击，用有限的人员配备来抬起梯子，并确保您的驾驶员/运营商可以确保自己的水供应。
*
成功的Fireground行动的关键在于每个公司的高效和决定性行动。急救人员快速评估现场并将初始行动计划设定为运动的能力将对事件结果产生巨大影响。如果他们知道自己的响应区，知道其成员的能力，并且可以通过决定性的命令来利用他们的资源，那么公司官员可以在其决策中得到最好的保证。
David DeStefanois a battalion chief with the North Providence (RI) Fire Department, where he has served for 29 years. He is a shift commander in the operations division. He was previously chief of training and safety and has also served as a captain, lieutenant, and firefighter in Ladder Co. 1 as well as a lieutenant in Engine Co. 3. DeStefano is an instructor/coordinator with the Rhode Island Fire Academy and lectures on fire service topics throughout Southern New England. He was a presenter at FDIC International 2017 and 2018.
