从车辆解放电子通讯中，由
大卫·杨（David Young）
When it comes to compliance with National Fire Protection Association 1670,技术搜索和救援事件的运营和培训标准，自动解脱是我们大多数消防部门中大多数人认为我们做得很好的学科。我们有专门用于营救的大型钻机，我们有各种各样的工具可供选择，而且我们都有一个垃圾场，可以为训练提供几辆汽车。如果您相信这种类别，则处理汽车撞车将适合“面包和黄油”类别。该标准还能有什么？让我们仔细看看标准；您可能会发现一些惊喜。
首先，有第8章的标题“车辆和机械的解脱”。尽管这两个可能具有一些交叉技能，但这两个独立学科已合并为同一章。基本原则是不同的。车辆的解脱原理通过扩散和切割来使用流离失所来进入患者。在机械的解释中，原则是脱脂，降低和拆卸机械以进入患者。如果我们将自动解脱原理和工具应用于冲压或电梯，它可能不起作用，可能是危险的。
Let’s look at the prerequisites. To qualify for the Awareness Level in vehicle/machinery extrication, you also need to be trained in the Awareness Level of NFPA 472,Standard on Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incident. The surprise comes when you look at the 2008 edition of this standard: it combines hazmats and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs). The same is true for Operations Level in vehicle/machinery extrication, for which you need the Operations Level of NFPA 472. To qualify for the Technician Level, you are not required to go above the Operations Level of NFPA 472.
Are we ready to talk about cutting and spreading metal yet? When we look at the hands-on skills, we must be talking about power tools? Right? No, not yet. The skills listed in NFPA 1670 have little to with hydraulic tools; most of these are about accessing, packaging, disentangling, and removing the patient. We may be doing extrication training, but how often does such training focus on removing a patent and not the removal of a door or a roof?
你可能想说,“访问”和“disentangling” means using power tools to cut the car apart to free the patient. I would tend to agree, but not all jurisdictions have access to a wide variety of power tools. What the standard does say about tools is that you must know how to operate all the tools you have in your inventory.
那是失去的原因吗？我们应该将救援人员从钻机上拉出并将其送回学校吗？
We will need to re-direct our training over the next year or so.
The next time you have a car to cut up, start the training with a backboard instead of the spreaders. Put a rescue manikin in the driver’s seat, strap it in, and practice patent removal with the car on all four wheels. Then, put the manikin back in, then roll the car onto the driver’s side door. Now you have a training opportunity that focuses on the removal of a patient. When you finish with that scenario, then you can take all the doors off with the hydraulics.
您城市的道路车库可能会有另一个培训机会。将Rescue Manikin放入Bobcat®或Backhoe中。让您的机组人员固定车辆，婴儿床上的桶，然后打包并删除专利。
Dealing with the hazmat/WMD issue may not be as bad as it seems, since we should be participating in a hazmat refresher annually anyway. Next year, plan a few extra hours and add the WMD portion.
与车辆的解脱相比，机器的解脱是一种更开放和多样的学科。但是，我们大多数人可能会比我们想象的要多的机器伸出。手指在自行车链中，自动售货机中的手臂或停滞电梯中的人。但是，该学科还包括农场设备，传送带，捏辊 - 列表继续包括一些非常大而强大的设备。我们如何培训所有这些不同的情况？这可能是不可能的，但是我们可以做的就是训练能够熟练使用我们拥有的工具，并寻找机会扩大其使用对新情况的机会。您的想象力是您最好的解脱工具。
NFPA标准始终可以接受解释，本来可以成为指南。毫无疑问，由于这些标准，我们的工作变得更加安全。毫无疑问，许多酋长试图跟上并符合标准的数量而疯狂。如果我们花时间不时审查标准，提醒自己他们真正说的话，我们可以找到需要工作的领域。然后，通过对当前在我们自己的组织中进行的培训进行了一些小调整，我们将发现我们的培训可以符合NFPA 1670年规定的标准。
David Young is a lieutenant for Beavercreek (OH) Township Fire Department and a training captain for Wayne Township (OH) Fire Department in Ohio. Dave has 25 years in the fire service and is one of the original members of Ohio Task Force One and Region 3 Strike Team in West Central Ohio. He has been a fire and technical rescue instructor for Sinclair Community College, EMS Educational Partnership, and State Fire School at Bowling Green University.
