By John W. Mittendorf
The last Reading A Building edition ended with fire escape considerations. This week’s installment addresses door versus window issues, presenting an overview of the basic considerations as applied to access/egress.
门Vs Windows
When considering doors and windows for access/egress openings, several basic thoughts should come to mind:
- Which opening is normally used by occupants?
- 哪个开口通常更大？
- 最少的努力可以使哪个开口更大？
- 最少的努力可以打开哪个开口？
Windows
Windows are relatively simple as they can be easily broken to provide quick access into the interior of a building. However, there are several “Rules of Engagement” to remember:
- The size of a window can be an indicator of the floorplan of the building. For example, large windows might indicate display areas of commercial buildings, and living/dining rooms in residential structures. Smaller windows located higher up on a wall on residential structures can indicate a kitchen/bathroom as these windows are above a counter top.
- Window glass comes in several noteworthy varieties:
- 盘子或退火玻璃，可以很容易折断，但会破碎。这是最便宜的玻璃，通常在住宅结构中找到。
- Tempered glass can be found in commercial and high rise buildings, and is not easily broken.
- 玻璃与塑料聚酯薄膜可以明确或shaded. This type of glass is similar to the windshield in automobiles and must be removed in a similar fashion.
- 如果必须使用窗口进行访问/出口，请记住要删除整个窗口（玻璃和任何限制框架），因为您可能需要使用窗口进行出口。
- 如果胶合板或其他类似材料（或安全栏中的住宅中的窗户）限制在空置建筑物中访问窗户，请消除尽可能多的障碍物，如果Fireground人员将进入建筑物。请记住，使建筑物安全易于退出。
门
毫无疑问，与Windows相比，门通常会为访问/出口提供几个优势。这些包括：
- Larger, and sometimes, much larger sized.
- 正常入口和出口点。
- 允许进入并低于窗户（可见性，较低的热量水平等）。
- 由四种一般类型组成：
- Sliding
- 旋转
- Overhead
- 摇摆
与窗户类似，当火场人员致力于结构的内部时，使开口尽可能大，并确保至少有两种方法退出结构。考虑到这些基本想法，这里有两个问题：
问题＃1
假设您是第二个在住宅中大火的公司，第一家公司迫使进入前门进行初次袭击。强行进入吗？问题2
Assume you are the first company to a fire in a concrete tilt-up commercial building. All things being equal, would you force entry through the front main door into the office area, or would you force entry through the rear overhead door that is used for loading and unloading materials?
您会在下次阅读建筑物分期付款中找到这些问题的答案。
约翰·W·米滕多夫（John W.1981年，他被提升为营负责人，在接下来的一年中，他成为了在职培训部门的指挥官。1993年，他在服役30年后从LAFD退休。Mittendorf是国家工程轻型建筑技术咨询委员会国家消防研究基金会的成员。他为马里兰州艾米斯堡国家消防学院提供了培训计划；188博金宝体育1加州大学洛杉矶分校；以及英国莫尔顿 - 玛什的英国消188博金宝体育1防学院。他是编辑顾问委员会成员188金宝搏是正规吗和书籍的作者卡车公司运营（188金宝搏是正规吗消防工程，1998年）和面对促销面试（188金宝搏是正规吗消防工程，2003年）。
