Kurt Snibbe
新闻界
（MCT）
Are you ready for fire season? This year’s has begun, with the Coastal fire destroying at least 20 homes this month in Laguna Niguel. Here’s a look at preparations you can take, the areas of greatest threat in Southern California and how often wildfires occur.
During the Coastal fire, about 800 households were given roughly one hour to evacuate. Take precautions now.
为了更好地了解急救人员和其他紧急工人的需求，2017年美国住房调查询问居民为灾难做准备。
检查您的危险水平
RiskFactor.comis a free online tool created by the nonprofit First Street Foundation that enables Americans to learn their property’s risk from environmental threats such as flooding and wildfires and understand how risks are shifting because of a changing environment. You can input your address or city to see the risk forecast for your property over the next 30 years.
Fire threatens a home in three ways:
Embers
在大风条件下，这些燃烧材料可以在野火之前向上移至一英里。为了抵抗它们，住宅应具有声音屋顶，并且在其外部5英尺之内没有易燃材料。在沿海大火中，由30英里 /小时的风持灰烬点燃了被摧毁的房屋。
辐射热
附近的火可以将建筑材料的表面加热到发生燃烧的点。
火焰撞击
Transfer of heat by direct flame exposure.
家庭安全清单
- 清洁屋顶和枯萎的叶子，碎屑和松针，余烬可能会燃烧。
- Replace or repair loose or missing shingles or roof tiles to prevent ember penetration.
- 封闭电动和拱腹通风口，或用金属网屏屏幕以阻塞余烬。大多数房屋都是使用1/4英寸网状屏幕建造的，该屏幕可以防止鸟类和啮齿动物通过通风开口进入。不幸的是，余烬可以穿透这一网格。较小的1/16英寸网状屏幕很容易被灰尘，油漆或死植物插入，阻碍了通风口降低结构中的水分和温度的能力。覆盖通风孔1/8英寸，不可抗性，耐腐蚀的金属网屏屏幕可提供最佳的野火保护，同时可以发射通风孔。
- 修理或更换损坏或松动的窗户屏幕以及任何破损的窗户。
- 屏幕或盒子在露台和带线网甲板下方的区域，以防止碎屑和可燃材料积聚。
- 将易燃材料从房屋的外部移开。
- 卸下甲板或门廊下方存放的任何东西。
装甲的房屋抵抗火
- 使用耐火的建筑材料。
- 您的房屋的屋顶和外部应由不可抗性或耐火的材料（例如瓷砖，石板，板铁，铝，铝，砖或石材）建造。
- Treat wood siding, cedar shakes, exterior wood paneling and other highly combustible materials with fire-retardant chemicals.
一些安全技能
- Learn to use a fire extinguisher.
- 知道如何关闭公用事业。
- Gas: If you smell gas or hear a blowing or hissing noise, open a window and get everyone out quickly. Turn off the gas using the outside main valve, if you can, and get well clear of the home before calling the gas company. When it’s safe for you to return, a qualified professional must turn the gas back on; never attempt to do this yourself.
- Water: Water quickly becomes a precious resource after disasters. All household members must know how to shut off the water at the main house valve.
- 电力：找到您的电路箱。为了安全起见，在关闭主电路之前，请务必关闭所有单个电路。
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Extreme danger areas
These are the state Public Utilities Commission’s Southern California fire threat maps for 2021, accounting for key wildfire factors of terrain and fuel.
您可以访问州消防元帅的网站osfm.fire.ca.gov看到整个州和每个县。
Sources: California Public Utilities Commission, Satellite images from Google Earth, Cleveland National Forest, InciWeb, ArcGIS, U.S. Forest Service, Cal Fire, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Census Bureau
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