布莱恩·扎伊茨（Brian Zaitz）
美国几乎所有的火灾设备都带有某种类型的便携式灭火器，无论是卡车上的水还是发动机上的完全补充。所有消防员都应知道其便携式灭火器的操作和使用。
便携式灭火器通过四种方法之一来扑灭大火：
- Smother the fire by excluding oxygen.
- 冷却以降低点火的燃烧材料的温度。
- 打破链反应。
- 皂化以创建泡沫溶液排除氧气。
这四种方法与灭火器中的灭火剂直接相关。传统上，在今天的消防部门中发现了三种类型的灭火器：水罐，干燥的化学物质和二氧化碳。每个灭火器对于特定情况和材料都是有用的。还记得在招募学校被教导的火班吗？您必须了解他们，并最终熟悉他们的火行为和所需的灭火代理。
（1）
最常见的灭火器是水罐或加压灭火器（照片1）。这些灭火器用于A类火灾。由于它们的宽松和便携性，它们是大修和杂物火的绝佳工具。灭火器通过向罐中添加水，然后使用空气或氮作为加压剂来起作用。当需要时，只需拉动销钉，并使用装有坚固孔尖端的橡胶软管来促进扑灭。加压水可以使用冷却作为其灭火方法。水罐是一项巨大的资产，应该在每个设备上。
有关的：Havel on Fire Extinguisher Testing”Harper自己制作可以绑带”Hoevelmann在足智多谋的“水罐”上
The dry chemical extinguisher is often found on many engine companies. It is the most common extinguisher found outside of the fire service because of its ability to suppress class A, B, and C fires. Note that a dry powder extinguisher is not the same and is used as an extinguishing agent for class D or metal fires. The dry chemical extinguisher commonly uses sodium bicarbonate mixed with an inert material to reduce moisture absorption during storage. These extinguishers work by breaking the chain reaction as well as separating the fuel from the oxygen supply. These are great extinguishers for the pan on the stove or small grease fires; they provide quick extinguishment and the relatively minimal secondary damage commonly seen with water.
（2）
二氧化碳灭火器(图2)是third and often times less seen extinguisher. This extinguisher is easily identified by its large bell or nozzle. It is considered a clean extinguisher because carbon dioxide gas leaves little residue. Although this is good and because no product remains, the risk of reignition is higher with carbon dioxide than any other extinguishing agent. Carbon dioxide extinguishers work by displacing available oxygen to the fire. The liquefied carbon dioxide is released from the extinguisher and forms a carbon dioxide gas cloud over the fire. Note that when using this extinguisher, never hold the bell or nozzle; the carbon dioxide produces frost and subzero temperatures during release. Interestingly enough, this extinguisher has little to no effect on cooling of the burning materials. These extinguishers are rated for class B and C fires, but they are predominantly used for electrical or computer room fires.
便携式灭火器是很棒的工具；适当应用后，它们提供快速有效的火力控制。花点时间参加您的下一次旅行，以查看您的便携式灭火器的缓存，并查看其功能和操作。
下载此培训公告作为PDFHERE(3.4 MB).
Brian Zaitzis a 14-year student of the fire service, currently assigned as the captain/trainingofficer with the Metro West (MO) Fire Protection District. Brian is an instructor with Engine House Training, LLC as well as instructor at the St. Louis County Fire Academy. Brian holds several degrees, including an associates in paramedic technology, a bachelors in fire science management, and a masters in human resource development. Brian is currently and accredited chief training officer and student of the National Fire Academy’s Executive Fire Officer Program.
MORE THROW BACK TO BASICS
