特洛伊的防火供水
The committee on fire prevention of the National Board of Underwriters has recently revisited Troy, N. Y., in order to see what has been accomplished since the report on that city’s fire protection was sent in in January, 1905. Its report on the water supply is as follows:
自1905年7月以来，水部长一直在控制公共工程专员。威廉H.盾牌，本署署长和主管尤金·奥斯伯恩于1908年1月1日被任命为1908年1月1日起任命。威廉W. Rousseau于1907年2月任命的建筑主管，负责所有工程工作与之相关分配系统的构建与维护。在咨询工程师的咨询工程师的能力方面，城市工程师E. Gimes先生E. E. Grimes先生仍然有关咨询工程师的总工程师。1906年5月，Tomhannock Gravity System取代了哈德森河供应，主要泵站被遗弃;现在泵拆除。通过交叉连接的布置，可以将Tomhannock水排放到低，中间或兰辛堡分配储层中，并且在整个城市中使用，除了高服务。在高级服务的储存和分配水库供应于1908年9月1日疲惫不堪，通过使用750,000-Gal，从Albia的Wynants杀人中获得临时供应。在特洛伊针织厂和1,000,000-gal的消防泵。在阿尔比亚盒厂的消防泵。 Pumping from this source will be discontinued upon the installation by the water department of three emergency pumps arranged to supply the high service directly from mains of the low or middle services. The 1,000,000 gal. Worthington pump from Lower Oakwood has been set up at Fourteenth and Hoosick streets, and was first operated on September 30, 1908; a new 1,000,000-gal. Worthington pump is being installed at Burden avenue and Mill street; and a 500.000-gal. Deane pump has been purchased and will probably be located near the Lower Oakwood reservoir, to pump from that reservoir into the high service. These pumps will be removed after the supply in the storage reservoirs has been replenished. To prevent a recurrence of this situation in future years, the department contemplates additional storage on the Quackenkill watershed, and the construction of a large reservoir near the Vanderheyden reservoir. No consumption records are kept, as there are no provisions for measurement. The department estimates the present daily consumption at from 12,000,000 to 15,000,000 gal., which is about 200 gal. percapita. No efforts at waste prevention have been made, and only a small per cent, of services are metered. Pressures observed at hydrants by National Board engineers in September, 1908, were practically the same in the low and middle services as in 1905, except in that portion of the former adjacent to the extension of the 24 in. main, where pressures have been raised about 8 lb. The low and Lansingburg services have been combined by opening gates at the former city line, and pressures in Lansingburg, where considerable variations were noted in 1903, are now fairly uniform. The average pressure in the congested-value district is about 50 lb. The 24-in. main artery of the low service has been extended from Rensselaer street and Sixth avenue to Fulton and Front streets in the congested-value district, and pipe has been purchased for a further extension as a 20-in. in Front street to Washington street. About 3,400 ft. of 4-in. and smaller mains in the vicinity of the congested-value district have been replaced by mains of larger size. The total length of mains in the district which supply hydrants is about 14,000 ft. In addition, about 1,350 ft. of 6-in. pipe is laid in alleys. Pipes recently removed from the low service were badly tuberculated, and it is evident from the large amount of sediment flushed from hydrants during the 1908 tests that the existing mains are in poor condition. No regular gate-valve inspections are made, and the system of hydrant inspections is unsatisfactory. During the tests, many hydrants were found in poor, and some in unserviceable condition; all do not open in the same direction. The street department and volunteer firemen are particularly careless in the use of hydrants. Some caps were missing; several were broken; and many did not fit the outlet. Some hydrants were found with caps leaded on and could not be used, and some valve stem-nuts were worn round; the nuts are not of standard uniform sizes, and many have been filed down, so that an adjustable wrench is needed to open the hydrant. The department does not keep a sufficient number of wrenches. Since this inspection the water and fire departments have each detailed one man to inspect every hydrant in the city, and repair all found in an unserviceable condition. Tests of twelve groups of hydrants, including the strongest and some of tic weaker points of the distribution system, were made in September, 1908, to determine the amount of water available for fire-protection purposes in different parts of the city. Four to six hydrants were selected for a group; all hydrants in a group were opened simultaneously and free discharges measured. No tests were made in the high service on account of the scarcity of water. The tests showed that in general the quantities of water available are deficient, due to the serious lack of connection of the main arteries to the distribution system and to each other, the poor type of hydrants installed, the inherent difficulties in distribution due to the separate services with their long narrow areas, and the poor gridiron.
