经过Ron Kanterman
最近, there was a double tragedy in Tarrytown, New York, where a志愿消防员失去了他的生命rescue一个人孔的无意识的人碰巧是另一名志愿消防员，为该镇的公共工程部门工作。印第安纳州的一家消防部门最近因违反行为而被州劳工部罚款confined space rescuethat turned out to be a close call. Two civilians died that day, and two firefighters were overcome in a well pit by acid fumes. Luckily, they were rescued and are alive today. The sole reason the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) wrote and promulgated 1910.146 in the 1990s was because the emergency services, along with those who work in confined spaces regularly, couldn’t police themselves. About 65 percent of those who died in confined spaces were the would-be rescuers–police officers, firefighters, rescue teams, and the like. So history repeats itself.
1。评估场景：a.Determine what type of space it is。b。Determine what’s normally in the space。C。Check for on-scene personnel (workers)。d。确定受害者人数。e。Determine nature of受伤或疾病。F。确定是恢复还是恢复。G。Check for material safety data sheets (MSDS), if appropriate。H。Start a new entry permit (a permit will walk you through the proper steps of a safe entry)。2。Staffing and equipmenta.Assess whether you have enough staffing。并在需要时致电更多帮助。b。Call specialized teams if needed。d。使用事件命令系统和问责制系统。3。场景安全a.建立周长。Use law enforcement to assist.b。Ventilate the area and space。C。Use positive pressure on the space。d。Do not use gas or diesel generators near the scene。e。Monitor/meter for oxygen and toxic gas levels。F。建立康复区。G。Control ignition sources。4。Preparing for entrya.锁定并标记任何危险的能量即将到来到空间。这可能是水，气体，电力，蒸汽，液体。或其他压力危害。b。Blank off pipes that may allow hazards to flow i到空间。C。消除多余的压力。d。所有参赛者必须在呼吸空气系统上。e。适当个人防护设备，具体取决于空间。F。确保除救援人员的标签线外，还有安全线救援人员是利用并附着在机械检索系统上的。G。确保有BACKUP救援团队站在。致电具有技术救援功能和设备的快速，RIT或RIC。H。监视气氛one-quarter level, the halfway point, and the three-quarter levels in the space and record the readings. If the atmosphere is deemed hazardous, personnel should exit the space until it can be made tenable.5。进入a.空间上的所有人员，监督入境和参赛者必须记录在许可证上，并在同一许可证上签字。b。在进入之前，应与事件指挥官和安全官员制定安全计划并讨论。C。确保进入之前有一个通信系统，无论是收音机，手动信号还是在绳索上拉扯。有一个BACKUP系统到位。d。Once inside, determine if it’s a rescue ora recovery.e。Determine if the victim can wear a mask。F。确保空气线和绳索管理are being handled to avoid entanglement.
Ron Kantermanis a 35-year veteran of the fire service. He holds a bachelor’s and two master’s degrees and is a career fire chief in southeast Connecticut. He is an advocate for the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation and serves as chief of operations for the annual Memorial Weekend ceremonies each year in Emmitsburg, Maryland. He lectures on a variety of topics around the country.
