受伤的急救。
CHAPTER IX.
FRACTURES (concluded).
Whether the bones between the wrist and the fingers or the fingers themselves are broken pain will be felt at the point of fracture; the broken portions of the bone will be movable; crackling will be perceptible; and the knuckle at the termination of the bone is generally sunken.
In binding.up the hand make the splint one of a piece of a cigar box or moderately thick pasteboard. Pad it well as well as the palm of the hand; bind it in place, the splint extending from the iip of the linger a little way up the forearm. When the arm is in the sling let the hand be a little higher than the elbow. In the case of a finger it is sufficient to use a well-padded splint of cigar-box wood, pasteboard or cardboard— even a twig from a tree extending from the tip of the linger up to the wrist. The sling need not be large.
‘The fractures treated of above are those most commonly met with and to which lirst-aid can be most easily applied. There are others, such as those of the skull, pelvis and spine which, while thej can be detected without much difficulty, are quite beyond the province and the power of firstaid to handle. All that can be done is to make the patient as comfortable as possible and summon a surgeon at once.
FKACTl’RKS OF THE SKULL.
在头骨的骨折中，有敞开伤口和相当大的出血，可以诉诸绷带，并用来停止血液的流动。
FRACTURES OF THE Sl’INE.
In fractures of the spine there is present paralysis of all that portion of the hody due to the spinal cord being compressed by the broken hone, and, if the lips, of the fingers are gently run along the spine, a deformity will generally be felt. It is safer to leave the patient’s back alone; certainly all attempts to detect crackling or obtain motion must lie avoided, as they are sure to increase the injury to the delicate structures within the spinal canal. All that should be attempted is to place the sufferer lying down in an easy position, with pillows or soft supports lying under him as evenly as possible. He should not be moved from the spot, unless there is absolute necessity for doing so. If the body is cold, applv hot dry cloths to it.
骨盆骨折
may he caused by the fall of a heavy weight, by the body being crushed by the wheels of a heavy wagon passing over the hips, or by being squeezed between the ears of a railway or surface road. The patient so injured cannot stand, and. if he tries to rise, he suffers intense pain, and feels as if he were falling apart. Although crackling may IKfelt, it is better not to try for it. Call in medical aid at once; make the patient lie down, and pass a bandage about his pelvis. Keep him absolutely quiet, if possible, ami he perfectly gentle with him. YVhat complicates such an injury is the fact that serious injuries to the bowels and bladder nearly always add complication to it,
CHAPTER X.
DISLOCATIONS AND SPRAIN’S.
脱位是提示末端的位移，因此不适合与另一个人的正确接触。它是由于突然的扳手或弯曲足以使韧带的抗肌抗体使骨骼滑出位置。它与骨折的不同之处。尽管在每一个中都有明显的畸形，但没有运动。唯一的刚性。如果肢体，手指或脚趾脱位。它比另一侧对应的时间更长或更短，并且它与其他部分的关系发生了变化。关节有很大的疼痛，肢体或ioir.t受影响的人无法移动，就像骨折的情况下一样。我最常见的是肩膀，因为它如此浅1只母鸡来了。下颌和手指关节。 Send for a surgeon at once, and. till he comes, make the patient comfortable. If the dislocation involves an upper limb, place it in a sling: if in a lower, place pillows or the like round the limb, and remove the patient in a suitable wagon, not springless, if possible. as to avoid all jolting in transit. Surround the injured joint with hot, moist fomentations.
DISLOCATION OF THE SHOULDER.
避免试图减少位错;让the surgeon look after all that. If, however, no surgeon can he found at once, then, but only if the dislocation is that of the lower jaw, finger, toe or shoulder, an attempt may he made to remedy the injury on the spot. The accompanying illustration shows the method of replacing a dislocated shoulder by the foot in the armpit. The patient will be placed lying down on a bed or couch or the ground—the last only as a last resource. lake several handkerchiefs or cloths; roll them into a pad; place them in the armpit, so as to avoid injury by the foot. Let the operator sit hv the patient’s side, with his foot (from which, of course, the shoe or is removed) in a direction opposite to his, and let him place his foot— the one nearest the injured man—in the armpit. The dislocated arm must be grasped very firmly in both the hands and the foot pushed firmly in the armpit. I he dislocated limb must he pulled upon very strongly, and at the same time swung towards tne body. With the snap usually felt, the bone will return to its place. If that is not the case after two attempts, the man had better be left alone and taken to the nearest hospital or surgeon. If, however, the operation is successful, then the injured limb must he bound firmly to the side and kept so for a few days.
DISLOCATION OF THE FINGER.
A dislocated finger can be reduced by a strong pull on it and at the same time pushing the tip forwards, it the end of the bone has slipped on the palm side of the hand, or backwards, if on the hack of the next finger. I he dislocated end must he pushed into its place at the same moment. When the dislocation is reduced, wind round the finger a strip of sticking plaster as wide as the length of the finger. If the attempt has been unsuccessful. it had better be left to the surgeon to manage the business. In any case the toes are hard to set right, especially the big toe. The thumb, also, should be left to the surgeon, as its dislocation presents many difficulties.
DISLOCATION OF THE LOWER JAW
often follows yawning or very hearty laughter. When it takes place, the patient’s mouth remains wide open, with the spittle dribbling from its corners and distinct utterance altogether impossible. To bring the jaw back to its normal position, the operator must wind a handkerchief thickly round both his thumbs, so as to form a padding sufficient to save them from injury when the mouth of the patient snaps to suddenly, as it will when the jaw is replaced. One thumb must be placed on each side of the lower jaw, as far hack as possible, with the lingers remaining outside of the mouth, and between the thumbs and the fingers the jaw must he grasped and pressed firmly downwards and backwards. It will then move quickly into its place. Ihe thumbs must be drawn out very quickly, or they will be crushed, as the muscles contract involuntarily and rapidly. A handkerchief. or. better still, a four-tailed bandage, should then he bound about the point of the chin and the top of the head and kept for a short time to keep the jaw in position.
Never attempt to replace the joint in the case of a dislocated hip. Only a surgeon can he trusted in so serious a case.
(To he continued.)
As evidencing the liability of gasolene to catch tire ami endanger life and property at sea as well as on land, it may be mentioned that the little gasolene driven seiner Columbia, of Gloucester, Mass., went afire ai d was burned to the water’s edge about ten miles off the entrance of the harof Newport, R. I. Her crew of two men had barely time to escape in their dory and had to row a distance of twenty miles to shore. Not a vestige of the vessel was left.
