FIRE AND WATER CONDITIONS AT JAMESTOWN
纽约州詹姆斯敦市最近对国家火灾委员会防火委员会的火灾危害进行了彻底检查。詹姆斯敦的人口估计为32,000。由于其作为制造中心的重要性，该城市的增长一直稳定。两条铁路负担得起运输设施。主要行业是家具，羊毛，棉花和金属商品，投票机，洗衣机，钢琴，摄影纸，床垫，钢制汽车和机床的制造。这座城市位于查达科因河山谷，乔托夸湖的出口，覆盖8.45平方英里，其中约有四分之一密切建立。平均海平面的英尺高度从沿河的1,300到东南部的1,620。街道主要是50英尺，最大为80英尺，至少为25英尺，而某些所谓的街道宽度为8英尺。开放街道的总长度为90英里。
自来水厂始建于1885年,我n 1893 by the Jamestown Water Company, and bought by the city in 1903. It furnishes a supply to all the built-up portions of the city and to the villages of Falconer and Celoron adjoining on the east and west, respectively. The water supply is derived from fifteen 6 and 8-inch wells from 91 to 104 feet deep, the water being syphoned to a receiving well 20 feet in diameter and 42 feet deep. There also is a storage reservoir at the Buffalo street pumping station, 85 feet in diameter and 18 feet deep, constructed of brick masonry, with a corrugated sheet iron root on steel trusses; capacity about 770,000 gallons; elevation of top, 1,394.5. A 16-inch cast-iron force main extends from the three discharge mains at the Levant station to the storage reservoir on Buffalo street. A second 16-inch main was laid in 1907 from the Buffalo street station through the manufacturing district in East Jamestown and the southern part of Falconer to a connection with the first main at a point 6,470 feet from the Levant station. Pumps take water direct from the storage reservoir through separate 20inch suctions; average head on suction end of pumps about 2 feet, normal pressure maintained on pump 90 pounds, which is raised to 115 or 120 pounds at time of fire. Both pumps discharge into a single main; the 16-inch valve on the discharge connection near the Holly-Gaskill is open only ten turns, and the discharge from this pump is by-passed through a 12-inch main and a surface condenser; during large fires this partly-closed gate is opened wide. Cylinders of HollyGaskill are at elevation 1,389 and of the Holly 1,386. The average daily pumpage in 1909 was 3,006,800, the population being 31,200; services 6,731, and meters 2,445. For six months in 1910, the daily pumpage was 3,062,700 gallons, the population being 32,000, services 6,886, meters 2,795. The maximum daily domestic use in 1909 occurred August 9 and was 4,195,600 gallons and on July 1, 1010, 4,073,200 gallons was used. On March 14, 1910, on which date there was a large fire, the total pumpage was 5,720,800 gallons; a maximum daily rate of 7,175,200 gallons was maintained for three hours and a 7,000,000-gallon rate for 10 hours. Forty per cent, of the 6,886 services in use July 1, 1910, were metered. About 30 per cent, of the pumpage is accounted for by meters, which are now being installed at the rate of 12 a day; it is reported that this work will continue until all consumers paying a flat rate of $12 and over per annum are metered. Any premises where the consumption is suspected of being unusually high are shut off if waste is detected. Charts from a recording gauge temporarily installed on Third and Spring streets by a National Board engineer, at about elevation 1,382, show that the pressure during the night was quite uniform at 90 pounds, while the pressures through the day fluctuated between 80 and 95 pounds. There are 290 gate valves, 4 inches and larger in diameter in the distribution system. They are of Ludlow, Kennedy and Williamsport makes. In a section containing the principal mercantile and residential district adjoining on the north, the average length of main that would be cut out of service owing to a break would be 1,890 feet, and there are eighteen sections of 1,000 feet or more, eight 2,000 feet or more and a maximum length of 9,790 feet that might be affected by a single break, cutting 10 hydrants out of service. On July 5, 1910, there were 395 public and 27 private hydrants of the Holly, Mathews and Ludlow makes, in all the sections comprising most of the principal merchantile district, the average linear spacing of hydrants is 206 feet, and the area served by each hydrant 65,000 square feet. In a representative residential district, the linear spacing averages 567 feet, and the area served by each hydrant 195,000 square feet. The tests in the principal mercantile district show that there is not available a sufficient amount of water at pressures adequate for direct hydrant streams; this is partly due to the poor type of hydrant, partly because none of the hydrants are on the large main, and principally because of friction loss in mains, practically all of the supplycoming through one main artery; in case of a break in this main, the quantity in this and adjoining manufacturing districts would not be sufficient even for a limited number of streams. The amounts available in the western manufacturing district and in that part of the East Jamestown manufacturing district along the 16inch main are sufficient and at good pressures. In residential districts, except at the lower elevations where pressures are high, and also along the large mains, sufficient for direct hydrant streams, owing to the poor gridironing and lack of large mains; these limiting features are especially prevalent on the south side.
