FILTRATION FAVORED FOR SACRAMENTO.

FILTRATION FAVORED FOR SACRAMENTO.

教授查尔斯•吉尔曼海德专家之一engaged by the City Commission of Sacramento, Cal., to report as to the water supply for the city, recently appeared before the city commission and presented a brief synopsis of the findings. In this synopsis it is stated that the writers are forced to conclude in no equivocal fashion that the most satisfactory, rational, dependable and economical source of water supply for the city of Sacramento will be the Sacramento River taken immediately north of the city near the east bank and purified by rapid sand filtration and chemical disinfection. In part the report said it was found that a practically unlimited supply of water can be obtained from the Sacramento River directly at Sacramento. Two apparently available sources of supply from the Sierra Nevada mountains can be developed to yield fully 100 million gallons per day. A supply from wells sunk in the vicinity of Sacramento in accordance with the rational project, cannot be made to furnish certainly, through an indefinite period, more than 30 million gallons per day and the dependable yield from this source might be very much less. The water of the Sacramento River at Sacramento is very soft and practically colorless, is readily amenable to adequate purification and, if treated in substantial accordance with the project laid down by us, the resulting supply will fulfill all of the most rigorous qualitative requirements outlined in part one of the report namely, brilliant clearness, satisfactory softness, perfect hygienic safety and freedom from all color, tastes and odors. The supply from the ground developed through wells would be clear and colorless. Its total hardness, or soapconsuming capacity, would, however, be perhaps 2.2 times that of Sacramento River water. The ground waters of the region adjacent to Sacramento on the east, southeast and south, wherein it would be necessary for the city of Sacramento to seek its supply, if this type of source were to be utilized, are now so polluted with sewage that it is deemed unwise to attempt to utilize such a supply without adequate treatment. Therefore, in connection with the ground water project outlined in this report, it has been assumed that the supply would be made safe by chlorination. The mountain water supplies of sufficient size available to the city of Sacramento are now subject to a small degree of pollution. In the future increasing contamination may be expected from residents in the watershed and through tourist travel which, with the constantly wider use of the motor vehicle, will unquestionably develop to very significant proportions. No available mountain water supply can be considered as perfectly safe in a hygienic sense unless it has been subjected to prolonged storage or to chemical disinfection. In connection with both of the mountain water projects outlined, chemical treatment is proposed since it has been concluded that reservoir storage cannot, under the conditions which will obtain, be depended upon to produce absolute hygienic safety. These waters are generally clear and colorless. The report continues: For this and other reasons it may be concluded that the project offering the least hazard from all standpoints is undoubtedly that which involves the pumping and purification of Sacramento River water as outlined and described in part 2 of this report. The net borrowing capacity of the city of Sacramento on December 31, 1915, was about $7,000,000. On December 31, 1916, it is estimated that the borrowing capacity of the city will be about $6,270,000, provided that no additional bond, issues are ratified and sold prior to that date. The assessed valuation of the city, in terms of per capita values, is now fully as great as it can reasonably be made under existing conditions. From the cost figures presented above it therefore appears that any sufficient and logical supply from the Sierra Nevada mountains is far beyond the present financial ability of the city to construct. A ground water supply having a very precarious capacity of only 30,000,000 gallons per day would cost as much or more than a filtered supply from Sacramento River having a weighted capacity of 70,500,000 gallons per day. The cost per million gallons weighted daily capacity for the ground water supply would be fully two and' four-tenths times that of the filtered supply from. Sacramento River.

教授查尔斯•吉尔曼海德专家之一engaged by the City Commission of Sacramento, Cal., to report as to the water supply for the city, recently appeared before the city commission and presented a brief synopsis of the findings. In this synopsis it is stated that the writers are forced to conclude in no equivocal fashion that the most satisfactory, rational, dependable and economical source of water supply for the city of Sacramento will be the Sacramento River taken immediately north of the city near the east bank and purified by rapid sand filtration and chemical disinfection. In part the report said it was found that a practically unlimited supply of water can be obtained from the Sacramento River directly at Sacramento. Two apparently available sources of supply from the Sierra Nevada mountains can be developed to yield fully 100 million gallons per day. A supply from wells sunk in the vicinity of Sacramento in accordance with the rational project, cannot be made to furnish certainly, through an indefinite period, more than 30 million gallons per day and the dependable yield from this source might be very much less. The water of the Sacramento River at Sacramento is very soft and practically colorless, is readily amenable to adequate purification and, if treated in substantial accordance with the project laid down by us, the resulting supply will fulfill all of the most rigorous qualitative requirements outlined in part one of the report namely, brilliant clearness, satisfactory softness, perfect hygienic safety and freedom from all color, tastes and odors. The supply from the ground developed through wells would be clear and colorless. Its total hardness, or soapconsuming capacity, would, however, be perhaps 2.2 times that of Sacramento River water. The ground waters of the region adjacent to Sacramento on the east, southeast and south, wherein it would be necessary for the city of Sacramento to seek its supply, if this type of source were to be utilized, are now so polluted with sewage that it is deemed unwise to attempt to utilize such a supply without adequate treatment. Therefore, in connection with the ground water project outlined in this report, it has been assumed that the supply would be made safe by chlorination. The mountain water supplies of sufficient size available to the city of Sacramento are now subject to a small degree of pollution. In the future increasing contamination may be expected from residents in the watershed and through tourist travel which, with the constantly wider use of the motor vehicle, will unquestionably develop to very significant proportions. No available mountain water supply can be considered as perfectly safe in a hygienic sense unless it has been subjected to prolonged storage or to chemical disinfection. In connection with both of the mountain water projects outlined, chemical treatment is proposed since it has been concluded that reservoir storage cannot, under the conditions which will obtain, be depended upon to produce absolute hygienic safety. These waters are generally clear and colorless. The report continues: For this and other reasons it may be concluded that the project offering the least hazard from all standpoints is undoubtedly that which involves the pumping and purification of Sacramento River water as outlined and described in part 2 of this report. The net borrowing capacity of the city of Sacramento on December 31, 1915, was about $7,000,000. On December 31, 1916, it is estimated that the borrowing capacity of the city will be about $6,270,000, provided that no additional bond, issues are ratified and sold prior to that date. The assessed valuation of the city, in terms of per capita values, is now fully as great as it can reasonably be made under existing conditions. From the cost figures presented above it therefore appears that any sufficient and logical supply from the Sierra Nevada mountains is far beyond the present financial ability of the city to construct. A ground water supply having a very precarious capacity of only 30,000,000 gallons per day would cost as much or more than a filtered supply from Sacramento River having a weighted capacity of 70,500,000 gallons per day. The cost per million gallons weighted daily capacity for the ground water supply would be fully two and' four-tenths times that of the filtered supply from. Sacramento River.