关于抽水机的讨论
在阅读后的讨论ing by J. N. Chester, of his paper entitled: "Pumping Machinery. Test Duty vs. Operating Results,” at the recent convention of the American Water Works Association, an abstract of which appeared in an earlier issue of this journal, Superintendent W. F. Wilcox, of Ensley, Ala., said that to his mind the first and most important danger is the lack of conception by those using it that the steam engine is a heat engine, and said: "They think that the steam runs that engine like water runs a water-wheel; but that is not the fact, because although your pressures may be equal, the efficiency obtained will vary in relation to the heat, the pumping engine and the steam engine both being absolutely heat engines. I would, therefore, say that the most valuable instruments which any man can use in a steam plant arc a U tube and a thermometer. With those two instruments he can come near getting at the disease with which the plant is afflicted, and explaining the remedy to his operating engineers and firemen than by any other means that I know of. If any of you should be installing or testing a new engine, take the thermometers and put them in the pipes where the steam enters and leaves the engine, the controlling points, and you will thus ascertain the heat that has been used between those two points in the test as being the utmost which we can expect to approach in every day operation.
纽约PCRMUTIT公司的Samuel B. Applebaum关于锅炉和发动机之间的一种损失来源发表了一些评论。Applebaum先生说，由于锅炉的规模，我指的是损失。我想到了一个特定的泵站，它们的表面冷凝器从80％到90％的蒸汽中，所有蒸汽浓缩到锅炉中。10％至20％的人可能足以在锅炉中引起相当大的规模。当然，没有人确切知道该规模负责的损失。只有在放入软化植物和对设备进行几分钟的测试之后，才有可能确定该规模造成的损失。我认为，水软化厂现在已经运行了大约一年，并且经营了两个月的测试，将燃烧的煤炭与在同一一年中的两个月中燃烧的煤炭进行了比较，发现它已被发现大约20％的煤炭通过软化得以节省。现在没有其他因素（例如负载因子）要考虑到，因为在两个期间，在2％之内，泵的水量相同，煤的等级都是相同的，而劳动是相同的在这两种情况下都是一样的。 Eliminating all the various features that have been brought up which might enter into consideration, the coal saving based on 100 pounds of coal showed CO million r. p. m. in 1915, and about 80 million r. p.m. in 1916.
