Difficulties in Building Pumping Station
Sub-aqueous Foundation had to be Laid without a Rock Base— Sixteen Octagonal Dredging Wells Used—Special Requirements had to be Met in Design—Earthen Cofferdam Built Around Station
IN the design of any sub-aqueous foundation where rock is not to be found at a reasonable depth, the controlling feature of any design is usually determined by the character of the soil which is to be penetrated, and the kind of material upon which the structure is to be finally founded. In many of our western rivers rock is far distant and when so located is usually overlaid with a deposit of alluvial sand and gravel which in turn is covered with fine sand, clay, quicksand and mud in varying combinations and thicknesses. In the work under discussion, as originally shown before the American Water Works Association at its annual convention at Montreal, rock was so far below the surface of the river that founding upon it would have been impossible except by very difficult and expensive operation.
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