David Destefano的文章和照片
A主要搜索,我们的一个最重要的火灾ground operations, is conducted while suppression efforts are beginning in the areas nearest the seat of the fire that are most likely to contain viable human life. We know that the primary search on the fire floor begins closest to the seat of the fire with firefighters working their way outward. Often, members performing the primary search are able to pinpoint the seat of the fire for an advancing engine company, if it is not immediately obvious.
搜索团队成员应该用各种主要工具装备，这些工具是特定的，但它们将阻碍搜索努力。大多数消防部门在策略或指南中指定这些部门。但是，重要的是要知道为什么每个工具被选择，以及在搜索和救援操作期间工具的多个用途。太频繁地，消防员发现自己“经历了动议”，携带分配的工具，而不清楚地了解他们为什么这么重要。
This article is tailored tosearch在整个国家的许多消防部门的“面包和黄油”中的单一和小型多住所的救援行为。许多小型和中型部门开始了主要搜索有两名第一卡车公司的成员。搜索消防地板的这些成员将受益于以下项目：
- Provide a portable radio for each member set to the correct fireground channel.
- 每个成员应配备至少两个光源。一个应该是一个强大的手动灯，易于从你的身体拆除。在搜索房间时，该光可以围绕梯子的门或顶部梯度的铰链固定。它也可以放置在地板上以提供烟雾的光束，其中烟雾可能是最薄的。消防员可以通过将脸部放在旁边旁边，扫描他面前。这可能有助于找到附近的受害者或危险。
- 热成像仪在制作良好的搜索努力方面非常有效。客房可以从门扫描然后随访。消防员必须记住不要仅仅依赖于成像器的方向或危险识别。
- 搜索团队成员必须提供各种门控设备。基于这种情况，一些门可能需要用楔形或铰链装置保持打开。其他门应关闭，但使用闩锁带保持锁定。短长的绳索或织带也应该是每个消防员的个人设备的一部分，以控制需要在火灾房间的门口开放。
- A search team must equip itself to provide the necessary forcible entry to the fire area. In single-family and small multi-dwellings, conventional forcible entry tools like a halligan and flathead or maul ax are generally sufficient. As perhaps the most versatile tool on the fireground, the halligan may be employed to probe ahead in search, provide access and emergency egress, and help breach the interior wall systems common in these dwellings. The weight of the tool will also help firefighters vent as they go, taking out window glass and frames to provide maximum egress if needed. In the hands of proficient firefighters, a halligan in combination with a striking tool firefighters will provide access and egress to virtually any area.
- Along with forcible-entry capabilities, the search team may need a longer tool to probe the floor ahead for structural integrity, layout, or debris. A six-foot hook works well in most single and small multi-dwellings. This tool can also be used to take out windows while maintaining a lower position. Members advancing for a search can use a hook in a smoke-filled environment to check for high ceilings that may mask true heat and fire conditions.
- 个人的searchrope is a tool not always deployed for primary search in smaller dwellings, but making it available adds depth to the resources of a team. A 35- or 40-foot length of rope used to provide orientation to a door or window while making a rapid search of a room under severe conditions will enhance safety and efficiency. Firefighters must be sure that their personal ropes are stowed for easy deployment and are securely anchored to both a fixed object and themselves.
It should be noted that the primary-search tools referenced here have many uses beyond the scope of this article. The purpose here is to inform and remind firefighters of the importance of basic tools in the primary-search mode. With an understanding of how, when, and why primary searches are conducted, the necessity of primary search tools becomes evident. As an aggressive tactic to save lives undertaken before the fire is under control, firefighters must not begin this operation unless they are properly outfitted for the challenges they may encounter. Always remember the primary tools for a primary search.
（1）除个人设备外，搜索团队还必须具有热成像仪，强制进入工具和钩子。
(2) Truck company members equipped for primary search operations in a private dwelling.
(3) A personal search rope should be secured to firefighter in order to avoid losing the line when deployed.
（4）各种门控制设备应由进行主搜索的所有成员携带。
(5) A personal search rope anchored through a door hinge to provide a rapid path to egress when conducting a primary search under severe conditions.
David DeStefano是一个23年的北方普罗维登斯退伍军人（RI）Fire Department，他担任夫人有限公司1.他以前作为发动机3中尉担任中尉，是一个消防队员在阶梯1.他教授罗德岛消防学院的各种主题。188博金宝体育1他可以在dmd2334@cox.net中达到他。
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