Article and photos by Brian Stoothoff
Most fire department responses to vehicle fires are limited to passenger vehicles; SUVs，或偶尔的休闲车。拖拉机拖车的火灾通常仅限于孤立的制动火灾。如果您的管辖区最近没有开火，以关闭州际公路或繁忙的道路超过五个小时，那么这是一个案例研究，您可以从中学习。
(1) The incident scene.
00:32:07 Units Responding…
这是到达据报道在州际公路上的卡车大火后不久就向消防员致意的场景。它发生在2009年10月27日星期二午夜之后，在佛罗里达州的奥卡拉。奥卡拉（Ocala）是一个人口54,000的城市，是佛罗里达州中部，在奥兰多以北85英里处。大量旅行的州际公路I-75横除了这座城市。最初有六名消防员做出了回应，其中包括一名船长和一名营负责人，配备了三辆车。
The truck driver of the burning vehicle used a cellular phone to call 911. Because of poor reception, dispatchers had difficulty pinpointing an exact location for this incident. A second engine was dispatched when call takers confirmed the location of the incident and realized another engine could get to the call more quickly, since the initial engine had to travel to the next exit several miles down the interstate highway to turn around.
00:40：调度宣布事件的正确位置。
00：46：第一个单元的引擎4到达现场。
Smoke from the burning vehicle could be seen from approximately a half mile away. The first unit on scene, Engine 4,radioed a size-up report. The tractor trailer was parked on the outside shoulder in the southbound direction of travel. Smoke was showing. Flames from a set of the rear tractor tires were visible, as was fire inside the forward portion of the trailer through a small piece of melted aluminum wall. Contact was made with the truck driver, who had exited the vehicle. No placards were visible on the truck. The only written information on the tractor was “CSS,” and, in smaller size print, “Commercial Shuttle Service.” The truck driver informed authorities that the fire began as a brake fire and that the trailer was fully loaded with Styrofoam® drinking cups. The driver had used two fire extinguishers in an unsuccessful attempt to extinguish the fire prior to the fire department’s arrival. The first-arriving unit immediately established command. Heavy, pushing smoke greeted the firefighters as they opened the trailer’s rear doors. Cardboard boxes were stacked to the roof and to the rear doors. Firefighters pulled a 1¾-inch handline to knock down the tire fire and another 1¾-inch line to the rear of the trailer.
南加州爱迪生公司00:56佛罗里达州公路巡警到达ne.
00:57 Battalion 22 arrives on scene and assumes command.
00:58 Public information officer (PIO) is notified, and responds from home.
最初的第一位主管最初有几个问题和障碍要克服。如果无法迅速扑灭大火，则必须将供水供电, since the hydrants were more than 1,000 feet away and inaccessible from this portion of the interstate. Although traffic was light at this time of the morning, it was a huge safety issue. Command notified law enforcement that southbound traffic on the interstate needed to be shut down;fire apparatus安置促进了机组人员的安全性。司令部要求调度来调整一家其他发动机公司。随着执法部门现在阻碍了交通并确保现场的确保，消防员专注于操作。
00:59 Command requests a third engine company.
01:00 Engine 6, the second engine, arrives on scene.
The first engine company had almost exhausted当第二台发动机6到达时，它的坦克水。Engine 6将其供水转移到发动机4。消防员开始了一项艰巨的任务，即手动从装有饮水杯的纸板箱中卸载，以进入拖车内部的火灾。要求卡车司机帮助将拖拉机与拖车断开连接。目标是将拖拉机移至更安全的位置。不幸的是，火灾的热量导致拖车失去了结构完整性。重量使得无法将拖拉机赶走。我们建立了一条保护拖拉机免受火焰撞击的霍斯线。
01:08 PIO arrives on scene.
Thepublic information officer arrived 10 minutes after being called in from home. Radio and television stations were notified that all southbound traffic was shut down on the interstate and that it would remain so for quite some time. As the incident progressed, traffic congestion increased significantly.
01:08 Engine 3, the third engine, arrives on scene.
Early into the scenario,决定使用泡沫浓缩液帮助扑灭大火。除三个发动机外，最终还旋转了另外三家发动机公司，并用于将水从现场穿梭。消防员使用K-12锯打开拖车侧壁的一部分。部署了一条软管流，以防止货物射击蔓延到未燃烧的物品，并提供额外的接入点以卸载货物。Ocala消防救援状态的标准操作指南（SOGS）是，派遣是要与PIO联系所有幅度和异常情况的事件。然后，PALL PIO随后在指挥链之后通知运营负责人。运营负责人被通知并回应了现场。
消防部门有188金博网网址多少设备A 1,585-Gallon Arff卡车，装有200加仑的泡沫分配到Ocala国际机场。有人打电话要求将卡车带到州际公路，以便可以使用额外的泡沫扑灭大火。
The State of Florida Department of Transportation was contacted.
01:51：命令请求小队1响应。
01:55：安全官员回应。
02:04：小队1到达现场。
The squad company provided additional personnel and a fresh supply of air cylinders.
03:15：命令请求重型设备。
要求重型设备帮助卸载拖车的内容物。两个小时后，它仍然没有到达，消防员继续手工卸载内容，这是一个耗时的过程。当一些消防员卸载了物品时，其他消防员打开了纸板箱以大修燃烧的产品。
(2) Firefighters cut the side of the trailer with a K-12 saw to gain access to the tightly packed cargo. Flames can be seen behind the silhouetted firefighter inside the trailer.
场景安全至关重要
Law enforcement voicedits concerns that traffic was backed up for miles. Traffic was being diverted off the interstate highway at an earlier exit onto a service road, and allowed to reenter about two miles farther south of the vehicle fire. Command stood firm in that消防员安全was paramount, and all southbound lanes remained closed until the fire was extinguished. This was done for three reasons. First, during the operation, engine companies were shuttling water, and hoselines were deployed in the traffic lanes. The second reason traffic was halted was that the offloaded trailer contents spilled onto the roadway even though the cargo was in close proximity to the trailer. Third, although wind conditions were not blowing smoke directly onto the interstate, visibility could have been affected if the wind changed direction.
A safety officer responded. We use a safety officer procedurally at all working fires,vehicle extrications, and unusual incidents to ensure firefighter safety and as an additional resource for command.
PIO谁responded obtained bottled water and refreshments for the exhausted crews after he had made the initial media contacts. Eventually, all personnel on duty this shift would rotate to the scene for relief purposes.
(3) The ARFF truck is staged after expending its foam supply.
LESSONS LEARNED
幸运的是没有受伤。回想起来，许多事情做对了。他们包括the following:
- The incident command system was followed.
- The first-arriving unit announced a scene size-向上。
- 流量的控制是至关重要的on roadways, and the interstate was shut down.
- Look for placards; the crew asked about shipping papers and considered the possibility of hazardous materials when arriving at this vehicle fire.
- Parkingapparatusupwind and uphill is taught in all hazardous materials classes and should be enforced at all potential incidents, even if有害物质are not suspected.
- A safety officer was used to ensure firefighter safety.
- 让媒体通知流量延迟并更新信息for the public is an important function of a department PIO.
- Whether an assigned safety officer responds or not, don’t forget about providing rehabilitation for firefighters.Incidents of long duration and inclement weather will take its toll on emergency responders.
- A postincident analysis (critique) was conducted the following shift for all personnel who were on scene. Strategy, tactics, lessons learned, and things that could beimproved were all discussed.
06:19小时：The last unit left the scene, more than five hours after the initial response.
As an experienced fire officer, I know that there is always one constant: I can learn something from every incidentto which I respond. Here are some things that I recognize we could have done better at this tractor trailer fire. As an agency, we will address these issues to improve our performance in the future.
- Have a list of rehabilitation resources after hours and on weekends (cold and warm beverages, as the season dictates; nourishing snacks; and high-energy food. If your fire department does not have a formal list of business occupancies that are open at 3 a.m. to furnish beverages and refreshments, develop a list and periodically update it. It will save you time in an actual emergency.
- Formalize a list of contactors who can supply heavy equipment during and after normal business hours.
- Know the capacity of your foam supply and where to locate additional foam concentrate.
- 遵循以下卡车火策略：
- Life safety is first. Safety of civilians and firefighters. Shut down the roadway if necessary, and post a look-out with a portable radio to warn of danger.
- Approach the scene from uphill and upwind. Use a pair of binoculars from a safe distance looking for placards and hazards before committing apparatus and personnel.
- Check with the truck driver for shipping papers or the presence of hazardous materials.
- 识别水源和泡沫供应，并确定是否应防御性扑灭火力。
- Be aware of shifting loads or unstable cargo that can fall on firefighters.
- Separate the tractor from the trailer early if the fire may not be contained to the trailer.
Brian Stoothoff是Ocala（FL）消防救援的27年资深人士。他拥有消防科学，工商管理和紧急医疗服务的大学学位。他是公共信息官和公共教育官员。他可以接触到
bstoothoff@ocalafl.org.
