Tip #12: Learning the Characteristics of a Hazardous Material – Who Can You Call For Help?
By Steven De Lisi
当尝试学习事件中涉及的危险材料的特征时，最好的信息来源之一通常是一个人
为制造它的公司工作。尽管您可以从销售，使用或处理产品的人那里学到什么，但实验室中的人
将产品带到市场上知道是什么使它滴答作响。而且他可能已经知道是什么使它炸毁，以及如何使您生病。
During incidents at a facility where a material is manufactured, the source of information is probably available through technical personnel on-site. If these individuals are unavailable at the scene, someone there probably knows how to contact them.
在使用使用产品的设施时，可能会有一个可用的物质安全数据表（MSD）（以书面形式或电子方式），并且可能有人在那里知道该产品。但是，急救人员仍应考虑与制造商联系，以确保他们正确处理材料。请记住，大多数MSDS将为此目的包含紧急电话号码。
At fixed facilities where materials are only stored or sold, such as warehouses and retail stores, it may be difficult to learn the characteristics of a hazardous material because employees at these sites merely stock shelves and perform sales transactions. Also, MSDSs may not be readily available since these documents are usually required only when employees are using a product, not just handling the containers.
Shippers and carriers can play major roles in transportation incidents. A shipper is the point of origin and that a carrier is the transporter. On some occasions, a chemical manufacturing company may be both the shipper and the carrier. However, during most incidents, the manufacturer, shipper, and carrier are all different.
一旦与托运人和运营商进行了联系，这些公司可能会将技术代表派往现场，他们可以帮助急救人员学习危险材料的特征，尤其是在事件涉及高速公路货物坦克或铁路坦克汽车的情况下。
当托运人和载体相同时，可能性是驾驶员可能对所涉及的材料有所了解，甚至可能已经收到了特定的
有关如何处理紧急事件的培训。对于那些经营高速公路货车卡车的人来说尤其如此。但是，请注意不要在事件中释放任何驾驶员，因为他们有时可能会冒着不必要的风险来解决问题。
在涉及箱卡车的运输事件中，尤其是用于运输一般货运的箱子卡车（所有类型的混合货物），不要指望驾驶员对运输工具的货物了解任何东西。一旦加载卡车，驾驶员也可能从未见过驾驶员的内部。
If representatives from a manufacturer, shipper, or carrier are good sources of information relative to the characteristics of a hazardous material, how do you contact them during an emergency? One solution is that the Code of Federal Regulations governing transportation found in 49 CFR 172.604 requires an
紧急电话号码将包含在运输过程中受危险材料的运输文件中。
尽管您可以直接使用此号码到达公司，但许多托运人和承运人都在化学运输急诊中心注册
（ChemTrec）为了遵守联邦运输法规的这一部分。ChemTrec人员（称为紧急服务专家）知道如何与注册托运人和承运人的代表联系，还可以为急救人员提供有关涉及材料的直接技术信息。ChemTrec的电话号码（800）424-9300可以在运输纸上找到，也可以在某些散装的运输容器上显示。有关ChemTrec的更多信息，请访问其网站www.chemtrec.org.
But what should first responders do when dealing with a shipment that is not “regulated” as a hazardous material and therefore is likely exempt from any
要求为急救人员提供24小时紧急情况的要求吗？或者，如果第一响应者没有运输文件怎么办？当发生这些情况时，急救人员可能能够在运输车辆或容器外部找到电话号码。但是，在上午3:00，回应很可能是语音邮件问候，这表明他们在正常工作时间内回电。
When confronted with this problem, here’s a solution that works:
- Determine a city and state for the shipper, manufacturer, or carrier. This information may be found on transport vehicles or the outside of containers.
- 致电4-1-1（目录协助）。
- For the town or city where the company is located, request the phone number of the emergency dispatch center. This may be listed as a separate office, or for smaller localities, it may simply be the local sheriff’s office.
- 致电该紧急调度中心。这些地点中有许多人对企业有24小时的联系，他们通常会呼吁紧急情况，例如企业着火或有盗窃案。
- 如果有一个数字，大多数调度员都不会发布它，而是他们会联系代表并要求此人与急救人员联系。
在尝试学习危险材料的特征时，要聪明，要安全，并记住，每个人都回家了！
讨论点
- 当您的部门人员试图与某人联系以学习危险材料的特征时，在材料所在的事件中操作时，请遇到问题：
- 制造
- 存储
- 卖
- 用过的
- If problems were encountered during incidents involving the types of sites listed in Question 1, were these problems resolved and if so how?
- 在涉及的运输事件期间，您部门的人员曾经遇到过与公司代表联系的问题
materials that were not regulated as a “hazardous material?” Were these problems resolved and if so, how?
点击这里有关史蒂文·德里西（Steven de Lisi）书的更多信息，危险材料事件：生存初始响应.
Steven M. De Lisi is a 26-year veteran of the fire service and is currently Deputy Chief for the Virginia Air National Guard Fire Rescue located at the Richmond International Airport. De Lisi is a Hazardous Materials Specialist and chairman of the Virginia Fire Chiefs Association’s Hazardous Materials Committee. He is also an adjunct instructor for the Virginia Department of Fire Programs and a former member of the NFPA committee on hazardous materials protective clothing. De Lisi began his career in hazardous materials response in 1982 as a member of the HAZMAT team with the Newport News (VA) Fire Department. Since then, he has also served as a Hazardous Materials Officer for the Virginia Department of Emergency Management and in that capacity provided on-scene assistance to first responders involved with hazardous materials incidents in an area that included more than 20 local jurisdictions.
