经过Daniel P. Sheridan
作为纽约消防局（FDNY's）梯子17号消防部门的探险，我学到的第一件事是关于高火的危险。我们以前在一座五层翻新的物业楼建筑物中大火，我们是第二个阶梯，我们的任务是在大火上搜寻受害者和任何火灾。当我们上楼梯时，该官员与一流的发动机官员进行了检查，并告知他我们要走了。
当我们到达上面的地板时，我们在地板上发现了五套公寓。军官抓住我，告诉我将门迫使大火位置的另一侧。在这种情况下，大火在后方，因此我们强迫建筑物前面的“公寓”。他告诉我，这始终是我们在上面运行的每场大火中应该做的第一件事。
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Soon after that incident, we responded to a fire in a two-story flat-roof private dwelling. There was heavy fire on the first floor “front to rear.” We were assigned second due and needed to get above the fire to search for trapped victims. A hysterical woman met us in the street to inform us that two members of her family were still inside (what we refer to as a “known life hazard”). The fire had wrapped around the first-floor apartment and was out into the hallway, negating the use of the interior stairs. We used a portable ladder to enter the front windows.
立即，进入房间时，我们被热量驱赶到地板上。房间即将闪烁。整个房间闪烁时，我们进行了仓促的静修。引擎撞倒大火后，我们能够站起来，在浴缸中找到了两名受害者。我第一手了解到，在3型和5型建筑的建筑物建筑物中越过大火是认真的生意。根据FDNY船长（Ret。）John Calamari（TL 120）的说法：“除了在顶层着火的建筑物的屋顶上，上面的地板是最危险的位置。”
当我转移到小队时，我们的大部分工作都在上面的地板上。作为培训主管，建筑建筑专家指挥学院的克里斯·纳姆（Chris Naum）说：“知道您的建筑物对于安全运营至关重要。”这绝对是100％真实；与1型相比，在3或5型建筑物中高出火之间存在巨大差异。该建筑物是我们所说的“康复”，这是非常危险的，因为建筑物进行了翻新后产生的空白。
One feature of a rehab building is renovated ceilings, which are dropped, creating a sort of mini cockloft (photo 1). Firefighters going above the fire may be unaware that they are, in essence, operating above a raging cockloft fire. The fire then finds its way into the void spaces on the floor above, creating potential flashover conditions. Firefighters have been killed in these types of buildings when they are in a seemingly stable environment that turns into an extremely hazardous situation rapidly. One note of caution: When I was a young firefighter, we checked for extension by feeling the walls. If it was hot to the touch, we opened it up. A thermal imaging camera is not a substitute for opening up.
（1）作者照片。
I was then assigned as the operations chief to a fire in a five-story commercial building. The fire was on the first floor in a Chinese restaurant. We all know that with these types of fires the root cause is generally from the failure to clean out the duct work. The Incident Commander ordered me to check out the operation on the floor above. I arrived on the second floor and met up with the ladder company that was operating there. I asked the officer “How’s it lookin?” “All good chief, no problems” Something was off, we had a good fire on the first floor. My gut was telling me that this was not the right answer so I had to diplomatically figure out a way to get a better answer without “micromanaging” This is the dance that chiefs have to sometimes do, let the officers do their job but be diligent.
I made an excuse that I needed to check the rear, the IC wanted to know about a rear parapet, so I excused myself and headed to the rear. I got about to where I suspected the seat of the fire was and just as I suspected as I passed the room above the fire I felt heat on my ears. I called to the officer, “Hey Lou, do me a favor, can you have your irons firefighter open up this wall?” “Sure chief” The firefighter put his Halligan in the wall and opened it up, fire was everywhere, the duct went right through the wall and had caught the wood studs.
Besides knowing the construction, the most critical factor to being successful in going above the fire is the status of the hoseline. Ask yourself, is there one, and is it in place and operating? When I was new on the job, we responded to a third-floor fire in a corner tenement, and the hydrants near the building were sabotaged. We were second due, the first-due engine did not have a charged line, and our officer had me and another young firefighter wait on the fire floor while he went upstairs to check on things.
我不满意在那里等待，但我不得不遵循命令。该官员有很多经验，并且知道情况的危险。具有讽刺意味的是，我们回到了下一个班次，在同一座建筑物中发生火灾，需要超越。这次，他们在霍斯利线上有水，大火从公寓的每个窗户里冒出来。我们走了，从公寓里取出了一个婴儿。
在没有防管的情况下进行超越，这是有风险的，但有时是必要的。您必须逐案进行此操作，并且该官员需要权衡所有因素，例如建筑，供水和生命危害，仅举几例。FDNY营负责人（RET。）营49号杰里·特雷西（Jerry Tracy）说：“对于大火上方的任何人来说，一门学科是与在火楼上运行的那些单位进行交流，并要求他们确定大火的确切位置。这完成了两件事：1）它告诉他们您要超越，2）您可以前往该位置，看看它是否正在扩展。如果需要一条线，并在安全范围内完成搜索。”
Before you commit to a search in the apartment on the floor above, do a quick size-up and ask yourself, “if I find myself in a bad spot, what are my options?” When I was about a year in on the job, we went above a fire in a railroad flat. The fire was on the third floor, and it had complete possession of the apartment on the exposure 4 side (D). We checked in with the engine and let them know we were going above.
When I got to the door, the fire had already extended to a few of the front rooms. I did a quick search in the rear, thinking that if things go south, I could pop out onto the rear fire escape. That was a great plan, but I was missing just one part of that equation: There was no rear fire escape. I found out the hard way and barely made it out and back to the front door.
At another response in the same apartment type, I assumed that I could pop out the other door in the railroad flat.1然而,它被钉关闭。事情开始to turn bad, and I couldn’t make it back in the way I came. My “plan B” was to go out through the front window with the ladder. I got to the window, but the ladder was being used elsewhere. I had to fight my way past the fire to the front door.
Your last resort is to use your personal harness (provided your department has them). I highly recommend that if you spend a lot of time going above, make sure that you have your own personal bail out system, and that you become an expert on it. When I was a firefighter on the squad, we spent hours bailing out of windows, so much so that doing so became second nature. It was a last resort that we, hopefully, will never have to use.
Respect the floor above; don’t become complacent and think that everything is good just because there is no heat or smoke around you. Things can change in an instant—companies lose water, fire gets into void spaces, and a host of other potential killers. If you are the guy on the line and you lose water, it is imperative that you transmit an”urgent” message to let the firefighters operating on the floor(s) above of the situation.
听丹尼尔·谢里登（Daniel P. Sheridan）的最新播客，领先于顶部火灾, clickHERE
Footnote
1.铁路公寓是公寓，房间连续排成两个出口，前部和后部。
Daniel P. Sheridanis a 33-year veteran of and a battalion chief with theFire Department分配给营的纽约3。他是国家讲师II and a member of the FDNY IMT. Sheridan is also a lead instructor with Mutual Aid Training Group.
