By Paul Shapiro
经常，事件指挥官（ICS）and company officers (COs) are required to make decisions on the fireground that may involve the movement ofwaterthrough fire department软管进化。为了做出正确的决定，这些人员必须对火场水运动有很好的了解，包括对消防栓系统和软管，浮力器和喷嘴功能的了解，或者他们可能会订购可能无法实现的水运动。
“Did You Know?” is a collection of facts about the movement of water on the fireground by fire department pumping仪器。This information is designed to help ICs and COs better understand the movement of water and, consequently, enhance their decision-making capabilities on the fireground.
1. A pumper can deliver up to two times its rated capacity when hooked to a strong water supply hydrant system. Don’t be confused by the pump’s rated capacity. Pumps are rated at draft. To obtain the most from your pump, you must address the following points:
- A good hydrant system, both in pressure and in volume
- 大直径软管（5英寸最佳作用）
- 双电源线
- 低直径排放管道和大直径软管排放线来实现的每分钟低发动机压力和发动机旋转。
2. The 2 1/2-inch gated inlet on the pump can supply only a maximum of approximately 300 to 800 gallons per minute (gpm), depending on the strength of the hydrant system or the incoming pressure from another engine and the size of the supply hose. These intakes are designed for tank refill.
3.通过将摄入量连接到供应软管，可以使用多个浮力器使用单个供应线。这被称为双泵。该操作使消防栓的压力通过双泵电源线将未使用的水从第一个浮力器移至第二个浮力器。
4.消防栓的静压仅表示消防栓本身的水电位的一部分。水主喂养水栓也必须能够提供水量。真正的压力就是将水从消防栓中移出。
5.消防栓上的2 1/2英寸端口可提供大约80％的大型消防栓端口，使用大直径软管时可以提供的东西。
6.在某些情况下，连接到大型消防栓端口的单个5英寸供应线将无法提供泵的容量。
7.从2 1/2英寸在同一消防栓上或从第二消防栓的大端口放置第二个5英寸电源线将显着增加流向浮力器的流量。
8. A 100-foot section of 5-inch hose weighs 110 pounds empty–remember this when making the decision on whether to lay a supply line or have the poor operator hand-stretch it.
9. A single 2 1/2-inch side discharge can deliver 1,000 gpm efficiently. In fact, if used in a relay pump operation, the 2 1/2-inch discharge can flow up to about 1,800 gpm. When choosing the proper discharge, consider that the least number of restrictions in the plumbing will provide the best results.
10. A 4-inch discharge provides the most efficient means for discharging big water. Flows in excess of 2,000 gpm can be achieved efficiently as long as the water is available from the water source.
11. A single 2 1/2-inch discharge line can supply a portable monitor with 800 gpm from 200 feet away and 500 gpm from 300 feet away.
12. 5英寸乘2 1/2英寸的三向式歧管带压力缓解的歧管可以在没有工程师的帮助的情况下调节多达六个接种的适当压力。
13.内联泡沫变形器能够以1 1/2-软管，300英尺，1 3/4英寸软管和2,700英尺的2 1/2英寸软管移动适当的泡沫150英尺的泡沫百分比。
14. In a building fire protection system supplied directly from water main pressure, or indirectly from the water main using the building fire pump, the fire department pumper does not assist–or should I say add–to whatever is being delivered. Because of clapper valves designed in the system, either the water main/building fire pump provides the system or the fire department pumper. The fire department pumper is connected to the system as a backup in case the water main/building fire pump fails or falls short of providing the required amount of water. For the fire department pumper to provide water into the system, the engine pressure must exceed the system pressure.
15.消防部门的压力发动机的压力可能超过每平方英寸300磅（PSI），当时在高层建筑物中泵入消防部门的连接。
16. The pump, all discharge plumbing, and valves on anengine companyare all capable of operating pressures from 500 to 600 psi.
17. A smooth bore tip on a monitor can be pumped higher than the recommended 80 psi nozzle pressure. The limitations on the maximum allowed pressures are as follows:
- 不要超过设备的最大允许入口压力。
- Do not exceed the rated flow of the appliance.
- 不要超过设备的最大喷嘴反应。1,250-gpm设备的最大喷嘴反应为631磅（磅）。一个2,000-gpm的设备的最大允许喷嘴反应为1,010磅。
18. 2 1/2英寸的手柄可以使用两名具有1 1/4-的消防员流动500 gpm。1 3/8-或1 1/1英寸的尖端或500-GPM雾气喷嘴。
19. 1 3/4英寸的处理方法可以使用一名消防员使用1 1/4英寸光滑的钻头或雾气喷嘴流动到325 gpm。
20. A 2-inch handline can flow up to 400 gpm using two firefighters with high- pressure hose and a 1 1/2-inch tip at 50 psi NP.
21.成功从500加仑的加强坦克成功实现了500-7加时利的闪电战攻击。
22. Fire hose can have more friction loss with a subsequent flow loss when laid out with bends in it vs. when in a straight line. Keep in mind that a discharge hose evolution will have bends in it 99 percent of the time.
保罗·夏皮罗（Paul Shapiro）是火流技术总监。他是一位全国认可的大流量水的讲师。他还是拉斯维加斯市（NV）消防局的退休工程师。他为消防贸易杂志撰写了许多文章。自1981年以来，他就一直在消防部门，是Layin'The Big Lines的作者，并制作了一系列有关大流水传送的视频中的第一部。他可以回答问题；可以通过（702）293-5150或layinline @aol.com。
