经过布罗克弓箭手

这些天，似乎到处都是安全气囊，它们就可以了！在网上审查了一些各种幻灯片演示文稿并看到那里有多少错误信息之后，我决定是时候更彻底地解决安全气囊了。在这四部分的培训中，我将介绍救援人员需要了解的有关当前安全气囊危险的所有信息。在此模块（第1部分）中，我将检查我们可能会在车辆中找到安全气囊的位置。但是首先，我们需要回顾原因。重要的是要知道为什么我们必须意识到这些安全袋位置。为了进行评论，让我们看一下关于代顿事件的视频。

Now that we understand one of the risks that air bags present to us, let’s take a look at the various locations that manufacturers locate air bags to protect occupants. Keep in mind that there are several steps or “shut down procedures” we can perform to make the supplemental restraint system (SRS)/air bag system safer to operate around (which I will cover in Part 4 of this “Air Bag Avoidance” Training).

气囊位置

You might be surprised by a few of the location where you find air bags. In all of my years of teaching vehicle extrication, I still have never had a classroom of participants that were able to list every location they might find an air bag in a vehicle. One important thing to remember when assessing a vehicle for air bags is that not all air bags are marked “SRS” or “Air Bag” and that the air bag markings do not necessarily indicate the location of the bag; they may only indicate that an air bag is present in the vehicle. Remember, these marking are present because the manufacturer wants to make the occupants feel safe, not to inform rescuers of their location. A good example of this is the air bag markings that are typically found on the B pillar of vehicles. There are not—and have never been—air bags in the B pillar of any vehicle, yet we often see “Air Bag” or “SRS” in this location.

图1。Look at this photo and list and mark every location that you think you could find an air bag. I will also refer to this photo at the end of this article and training.

FIGURE 1.

由崩溃恢复系统提供。

接下来，考虑在北美汽车中的安全气囊位置。要在发布时保持最新信息，请访问www.advancedextrication.com。

1.司机的前袋(图1)。驾驶员的前袋位于车辆的方向盘上。这个袋子通常是烟火型充气机（我将在第3部分中介绍）。在几乎所有现代车辆中，驾驶员的前袋是唯一不使用通货膨胀缸的袋子。所有现代车辆均配备了该袋子，该袋子安装在方向盘中。与所有未驾驶的安全气囊一样，即使在进行了适当的关闭程序之后，救援人员也应保持距离。推荐的安全距离距离未驾驶的驾驶员袋的距离为10英寸。

(1) Photos by author。

2.乘客前袋（照片2）。The front passenger bag is located in the dashboard area just in front of the passenger. This is the largest bag used in vehicles and is, in many cases, designed to bounce off of the inside of the windshield (this is what often causes the “spidering” of the windshield on the passenger side). Currently, manufacturers use inflation cylinders to charge this bag. With only a few exceptions, most vehicles are equipped with front passenger bags, and rescuers should always assume that one is present. In many cases, the dash is designed to separate on a seam to deploy the bag, in which case no “blow out panel” or makings will be present to indicate that the air bag exists. The recommended distance from the passenger front bag is 30 inches.

(2) This passenger front air bag deploys from a seam in the dash。

3. Roof or Curtain Air Bags (photo 3).Current vehicle safety standards have led to most manufacturers including curtain air bags or laminated side window glass in their vehicles to reduce the possibility of occupant ejection. In some cases (like vans or sport utility vehicles), two or even three curtain bags on each side of the vehicle are used. These bags are always inflation cylinder powered, and the location of the cylinder will vary from inside the bag itself, in a pillar, in the dash, in speaker deck, or in the center roof area on the vehicle. Curtain bags deploy from the roof rail under the trim and can reach down as far as the pelvic area of the occupant. These bags stay inflated longer than front bags to ensure occupant protection in a multiple rollover accident. Rescuers should avoid placing their head or body through the window of a vehicle until the air bag system has been disabled. Additionally, a deployed curtain bag can be cut away with shears to make access to a patient. The recommended distance from a curtain bag is five inches from the inside of the roof rail and completely clear of the deployment area under the bag.

Following is a short video of a curtain air bag deployment:

图2显示了丰田巡洋舰的示意图。这辆车在车顶导轨的每一侧使用两个屋顶安全气囊。

FIGURE 2. TOYOTA LAND CRUISER

由崩溃恢复系统提供。

4.侧面或躯干安全袋（照片4）。Side air bags are intended to protect the occupant’s hip/pelvic region. These bags can be found in the door or on the outer edge (door side) of any seat in the vehicle. In the case of door-mounted side air bags, the bag will come out of the doors. These days, most manufacturers are using seat bags instead of the door-mounted type. In either case, the recommended distance to keep from these bags is five inches. Keep in mind, like most air bags, that modern seat and door bags are typically inflation cylinder powered (more on inflation cylinders in Part 3), which means rescuers should take care not to cut or crush the high-pressure cylinder that powers these air bags.

Following is a video of a seat-mounted side air bag being deployed:

（4）一个门袋井喷面板。

5.膝盖气囊（照片5）。Knee air bags are very common in modern vehicles. These bags deploy from the dash in the area right in front of the occupants knees and shins and are designed to keep the occupant from sliding down under the dash and for general protection. Like many air bags, knee air bags are strictly inflation cylinder powered. These bags can be found on both the front driver and the front passenger areas of the vehicle. The recommended distance to keep from an undeployed knee air bag is 20 inches. One thing that makes knee bags unique is many of them are designed to deploy with the plastic trim connected to the bag. In these cases, the trim actually makes contact with the occupant’s legs instead of the bag.

Following is a video of a knee air bag deployment:

（5）膝盖气囊的位置。

6. Seat Belt Air Bags.安全带安全气囊已经使用了几年。这些袋子旨在在高影响力碰撞的情况下缓冲佩戴者胸部的影响。福特探险家是第一个使用它们的车辆，但目前可以在许多车辆中找到它们。这些安全气囊对救援人员的风险很小，但也应避免使用未驾驶的安全带安全带。这些安全气囊的识别非常简单，因为皮带看起来与标准安全带（照片6）截然不同，并且扣（照片7）也很容易识别。

(8, 9) Typical belt and buckle of a seat belt airbag.

以下是部署安全带安全带的视频：

7.反协助安全气囊。反协助安全气囊位于车辆的座位上，就在乘员的膝盖/大腿区域下方。这些袋子部署在前端碰撞中，并有助于防止乘员在安全带下的“潜艇”。这个想法是防止下部皮带骑在腹部上。这些袋子通常没有标记，因此识别它们可能是一个挑战。救援人员将自己放在配备反协助安全气囊的车辆座位上时，应使用护理，直到进行适当关闭程序为止。

以下是一个反协助安全气囊的视频：

8. Rear Window Bag (photo 8).后窗袋是一个相当新的袋子，首次在2012年的接替者中发布。该袋子从后乘员后面的头条新闻部署，并保护他们免于撞到车辆的后挡风玻璃。当后玻璃靠近乘员头时，该袋对于保护乘员很有用。这个安全气囊非常像一个窗帘袋，救援人员应避开未剥削的袋子下方的区域。

(8)

9. Center Seat Air Bag (photo 9).中心座位安全气囊是最新的空气袋be released in the North American market. This bag deploys typically from the driver’s seat in between the front passengers. The purpose of this bag is to prevent the two occupants from slamming into one another in a side impact type of collision. This bag (like the side-seat bag), is designed to break a seam on the seat, and deploy upward to cover the occupants shoulder/head area.

(9)

Figure 3 shows the location of the center seat air bag.

图3。

由崩溃恢复系统提供。

To complete this training, let’s take another look at the Figure 1. Circled all of the possible locations where we could find an un-deployed air bag.

在本文中，我专注于北美境内车辆的安全气囊位置。在北美以外的地方还可以找到其他几个安全气囊，包括地毯安全气囊（在PT巡洋舰中）和行人气囊（在Volvo V40中）。

In parts 2-4, I will cover more air bag avoidance. Advanced Extrication is also presenting an online trainer program that presents everything instructors need to know to present the latest in vehicle extrication.

在线课程e can be viewedHERE

请继续关注我的气囊避免节目系列的第2-4部分。这些零件将涵盖以下内容：

第2部分：了解智能安全气囊系统

第3部分：通货膨胀气缸危险

Part 4: Air bag Shutdown Procedures

布罗克弓箭手is the former assistant fire chief for the Hopland (CA) Fire District. He is a multifaceted California State Fire Training Instructor and teaches vehicle extrication and swift water and rope rescue at the NFPA level. Archer sits as a principle committee member of the NFPA 1936 Standard, keeping him involved in all extrication tool manufacturing standards. He is also a contributing author to Fire Engineering and other various publications.