埃里克·G·巴赫曼（Eric G. Bachman）
健身和体育产业是一个发展势头巨大的成长行业。人们变得越来越注重健康，并正在加入健康和健身设施。此外，各个年龄段的运动员都参加了运动特定的训练场所，以通过竞争和私人课程来提高他们的技能。在我所在的地区，多年来，这个高利润的行业发展巨大。在分析这些响应电位时，每个场所都会出现许多危害和挑战。
Some of these venues specialize in specific activities, while others offer a variety of programs, equipment, and facilities. Their dispositions vary, from a small compartment in a strip mall to a large standalone establishment. Regardless of the venue’s size, fire officials must understand the challenges that these facilities present and develop mitigation contingencies.
Perception can often skew reality. A chief once remarked to me that the fitness center his department protected poses little risk because it contains “just a bunch of weights.” Although the content load may be perceived as low, there are many incident potentials that need assessing. Fires, hazardous material incidents, and other hazardous conditions reinforce the need to gather preincident intelligence on these facilities. This category is broad and can include a variety of facilities. This article will highlight some common hazards to spark your interest in preparing for emergencies at similar venues in your area.
历史
Emergencies at athletic facilities can pose similar challenges common to other occupancies. However, that should not discount fire officials from aggressively improving intelligence on their unique challenges. Following are some incidents at health and fitness centers local to my area that posed varying degrees of severity and challenges.
- 宾夕法尼亚州兰开斯特（1999）. An accidental fire started in a sauna at a health club causing more than $400,000 damage. The building was occupied at the time of the fire. One person became trapped and was successfully rescued.
- 宾夕法尼亚州兰开斯特(2003)。An accidental fire, electrical in nature, ran through the ceiling void space and caused extensive damage to a health club. Although the facility was occupied, all patrons had been safely evacuated prior to the fire department’s arrival.
- Hershey, Pennsylvania (2005). An odor investigation found a chemical reaction involving bromine tablets that caused noxious fumes throughout the facility. The building was evacuated, the reaction was mitigated, and the fumes ventilated. There were no injuries.
- Cumberland, Pennsylvania (2006).A fitness center employee inadvertently mixed two pool chemicals together, causing a vapor cloud to permeate throughout the facility. Thirteen occupants—five employees and eight customers—were transported to and treated at local hospitals.
Although none of these incidents resulted in loss of life to civilians or firefighters, each presented site–specific challenges to the department. Regardless of the facility’s size, you must prepare by understanding what may be lying in wait and prepare contingencies accordingly.
有关的：诺伍德（Norwood）进行预先检查”Pisciotta on Preplanning Construction Site Hazards”Henke on Preplanning Incidents at Shopping Malls
处置
并非所有的健康和健身中心都是相同的。有些是全国链的一部分（照片1），而另一些则是独立拥有的（照片2）。有些很小，在可用的空间（例如购物中心（照片3））中运行，而另一些则可能是本地独立的（照片4）。无论他们的性格如何，他们都提出了必须确定，准备和培训的挑战。尽管有必要审查所有设施（例如施工，保护功能和公用事业）共同的因素，但必须实现，分析和准备其他特定于设施的危害。
(1) A chain fitness center anchoring a strip mall. (Photos by author.)
(2) A small, independently owned fitness facility operating in a former parts machining shop.
（3）一个脱衣舞购物中心的女子健身中心。
（4）本地独立设施。
OCCUPANTS
在收集任何设施的情报时，一个共同的分母正在评估居住者。同一位酋长没有冷淡的“内容负载”评论，还报告说：“那些人的身材；他们将能够离开。”与这种看法相反，所有年龄和移动性的客户都可以从事锻炼和健身计划。这些设施不断扩大其计划，并提供特殊计划来吸引更多客户。
Fitness programs for older patrons and kids are increasing. Facilities may offer child-care services so parents can participate in exercise programs. They may have playground mediums such as a tube-maze and ball pit (photo 5) designed for kids. How effective would your search be when working in and around this obstacle?
（5）以前是室内网球场，该地区已转换为带有管迷宫，滑梯和球坑的托儿所。
体育设施还为年长的顾客促进计划。从肌肉力量和运动范围的运动计划到心血管耐力建设，可能会有广泛的自我保护能力计划。这些设施的人口普查也将有所不同。在任何给定时间，客户可能会在现场出现一些或一个非凡的数量，从而影响搜索和救援操作。居住者问责制也将是有问题的。在许多情况下，为了获得访问权限，成员必须使用钥匙FOB或刷密钥卡“卡入”设施。但是，在大多数情况下，成员不会从设施中“签出”，禁止准确的问责制。
服务
这个行业具有很高的竞争性（无双关语）。他们的企业主，就像其他任何行业一样，一直在寻找扩展服务和增加客户的方法。有些可能配备了用于水运动或水运动的水生设施（请参阅照片6）。
（6）在健康和健身中心的游泳池。
布局
这些设施的布局将有所不同。可能有较大的开放空间（照片7）以及小型活动工作室。也可能有许多隔间，例如桑拿房和晒黑室（照片8）。布局处置将在所有搜救，霍斯利线管理和通风中发挥至关重要的作用。
(7) A large open exercise room.
(8) Compartmentalized tanning and massage rooms.
Saunas, tanning beds, and other spa rooms may impede an occupant’s ability to recognize an emergency exists. Often, these individuals will have ear pieces for listening to music. This will reduce their ability to hear fire alarms and are not readily exit during an emergency.
特殊危害
References to special hazards are broad. There can be many fall and entanglement hazards. Falling into a pool or a “plunge pit” (photo 9) at a gymnastics facility could cause search and rescue issues as well as hamper maneuvering hoselines. Weight racks and machines could topple over, adding a concentrated load and create additional stress to structural members.
（9）凹坑可能会妨碍消防部门的运营。
Entanglement hazards may also exist. Netting (photo 10) to prevent stray basketballs or baseballs from indoor courts and fields could easily fall from heat-compromised metal hangers. Hazardous material use is also of concern. As illustrated in the historical perspective earlier, two of the four incidents were chemical related. Fitness sites often house materials for cleaning and to support other activities and services such as pools and swimming. Pool operations and maintenance materials such as gaseous chlorine, hydrochloric acid, bromine, and sodium hypochlorite (photo 11) may be used. For hazardous material use, it is necessary for fire officials to obtain and review safety data sheets beforehand and to realize the physical and chemical hazards each presents.
(10) This netting, hung by fragile metal hangars, spans the floor to the ceiling and helps contain stray basketballs from entering the indoor track.
(11) A 200-gallon tank of sodium hypochlorite used for treatment of pool water.
存储和家政
Housekeeping and storage practices can become a significant factor. Some rooms can have multiple uses; it may also need to be cleared to accommodate a group workout session. It may also be used as a classroom, requiring folding tables, chairs, and audio-visual equipment to be staged in nonideal locations (photo 12).
(12) Tables, chairs, and a television cart are staged in a hallway near an exit.
特殊的SYSTEMS
其他特殊系统可能还存在，例如电梯或救援援助区域（ARA）。作为《美国残疾人法》（ADA）的一部分，ARA允许有损害的人在特定地点寻求庇护，并通过身份识别系统可以帮助将他们从前提中撤离。（有关ARAS的更多信息，请参阅我在2004年1月消防工程中的文章，“预备特殊系统：救援援助领域”）188金宝搏是正规吗
These are just a few of the many other considerations associated with these facilities. A goal of the health and fitness industry is to coach their customers to improve their physical fitness. The fire service must apply that same drive to better train their firefighters for the potentials that exist through a consistent and exercised preincident intelligence program. Like physical conditioning at a health and fitness center, a practiced preincident intelligence program will improve a fire department’s ability to perform. Every facility that is protected, no matter how low the risk is perceived, must be analyzed to realize their clear and present hazards. It is imperative to go into all of the facilities you protect and see what challenges they present. You may be surprised at how “unfit” your department may be.
ERIC G. BACHMAN, CFPS, is a 33-year veteran of the fire service and a former chief of the Eden Volunteer Fire/Rescue Department in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. He is the hazardous materials administrator for the County of Lancaster Emergency Management Agency and serves on the Local Emergency Planning Committee of Lancaster County. He is registered with the National Board on Fire Service Professional Qualifications as a fire officer IV, fire instructor III, hazardous materials technician, and hazardous materials incident commander. He has an associate degree in fire science and earned professional certification in emergency management through the state of Pennsylvania. He is also a volunteer firefighter with the West Hempfield (PA) Fire & Rescue Company.
