By John W. Mittendorf
When reading a building, do you include the roof in your size-up, and if so, what are you thinking about? To assist with this question, let’s consider some important factors that are worthy of your consideration. Obviously, some factors will be dependent on the type of roof construction in your particular area, however, West Coast roofs and East Coast roofs have a lot in common in both construction methods and styles.
Open Web Bar Joist
开放式网栏托梁(或金属甲板)屋顶是该国中西部和东部地区选择的商业屋顶,主要是金属甲板下方的钢桁架结构(Q decking)。金属甲板被隔热材料,焦油和成分组成的层覆盖。由于钢失去了约1,000度的强度,因此此类屋顶的故障率很快,警告最少,抑制人员应意识到这些危害。但是,另一个更微妙的危害是,火势可以在金属底座和覆盖物覆盖物之间传播,从而通过最小的可见警告信号增强了火的传播。
较旧的桁架屋顶
这些屋顶在该国的任何地方,以及主要在1800年代建造的各种类型的商业建筑物,直到1950年代建造 - 直到引入较大变化的平坦屋顶为止。较旧的桁架屋顶通常用“大”的木制桁架成员,1 x 6英寸的护套作为屋顶/覆盖物进行建造,并且可以在多种样式中找到:
桥梁:这种类型可以通过其特征性的倾斜侧,末端和平坦的顶部来识别。
Gable Truss:This type is also identified by it’s gable or peaked roof design.
Parallel Chord Truss: This roof looks similar to other types of flat roofs but can be found on older buildings and is constructed from a “large” size of truss members (compared to newer lightweight truss members).
Lamella:尽管该屋顶的外观可能与其他类型的拱门屋顶相似,但它在鸡蛋箱中构造的(几何或钻石图案)的设计明显不同。该屋顶可以在体育馆,娱乐建筑,大型超市等上找到。
捆扎桁架:该拱形屋顶使用金属拉杆为建筑物的墙壁提供横向支撑。在每个拱门成员(没有底弦的情况下),使用带螺丝扣的绑带杆,以确保拱形不会将外墙推向向外。有了这个思想,很容易看出火势是否在这种屋顶上暴露了金属拉杆,建筑物的崩溃不仅是可能的。提示:如果您曾经在建筑物内观察这种类型的屋顶构造,请记下一个供将来参考的注意事项,因为它可以节省您的生命!
Bowstring Truss:大多数消防队员都熟悉“弓弦truss” roof as numerous fire service writers have appropriately written on the hazards of this common roof. Interestingly, whether you are a firefighter on the East or West coast (or anywhere in between), you will likely have this roof in your municipality. It is constructed of “large-size” wooden members (Note: most wooden members used in these older truss roofs were “rough-cut” or full size lumber and used steel plates and bolts for connectors) with 1 x 6-inch sheathing roof decking. Multiple firefighter deaths attributed to this specific roof have cautioned firefighters to assume a defensive position if a working fire is encountered.
约翰·W·米滕多夫(John W.1981年,他被提升为营负责人,在接下来的一年中,他成为了在职培训部门的指挥官。1993年,他在服役30年后从LAFD退休。Mittendorf是国家工程轻型建筑技术咨询委员会国家消防研究基金会的成员。他为马里兰州艾米斯堡国家消防学院提供了培训计划;188博金宝体育1加州大学洛杉矶分校;以及英国莫尔顿 - 玛什的英国消188博金宝体育1防学院。他是编辑顾问委员会成员188金宝搏是正规吗和书籍的作者卡车公司运营(188金宝搏是正规吗消防工程,1998年)和面对促销面试(188金宝搏是正规吗消防工程,2003年)。



















