By Mark van der Feyst
Previously, I have looked at ventilation in relation to truck company operations. In past discussions, I noted that—sometimes—going to the roof to conductvertical ventilation不是一个选择。原因之一是因为the amount or size of rooftop obstructions that prevent us from doing so. In the past, we have seen rooftop obstructions mostly on commercial-, industrial-, and mercantile-type buildings. As society becomes more environmentally involved, we are now seeing similar and new obstructions on the rooftops of residential homes.
屋顶上的障碍物将防止消防员进行垂直通风，因为屋顶支撑构件的重量。随着大火的发展和生长，它削弱了支持成员，导致屋顶塌陷。事件指挥官和一线官员阅读条件将认识到崩溃的迹象，并且必须禁止任何屋顶工作。
供暖，通风和空调（HVAC）系统和水箱是在商业，工业和商业建筑中发现的常见屋顶阻塞。这些常见的障碍物被考虑到建筑物的结构稳定性的构造中。但是，当出现火灾时，结构性成员将减弱，并且由于HVAC设备和水箱的增加，屋顶塌陷将加速。
随着环境运动的增长，我们现在看到安装太阳能电池板和屋顶花园是一种通过能源生产而“绿色”的方式，从而减少了碳足迹。在工业，商业和商业建筑的屋顶上看到这些障碍并不令人惊讶，但是在住宅屋顶上看到它们是。政府计划向客户支付能源生产，以吸引许多房主在其屋顶上安装太阳能电池板系统。太阳能电池板的另一个变化是太阳能热板，用于用太阳的热量加热水。房主将安装这些类型的系统来加热泳池水和商业建筑，将它们用于水生中心等区域。
Depending on the size of the roof and how much energy a homeowner wants to produce, a solar grid system can vary in size. In photo 1, the house pictured has two sides of the roof covered with 21 solar panels, and there are plans to cover the other two sides with 21 more. The number of sides covered will be dictated by the path of the sun’s travel across the house and the available space.
(1) Photos by author.
Photo 2 shows a nursing home roof covered in solar panels. The amount of space available for vertical ventilation has been removed with the number of solar panels installed for the nursing home and the residential house.
（2）
对需要通风的消防员的危险是两倍：面板的增加重量和活节能源。借助使用轻质桁架结构的住宅结构，在屋顶上增加太阳能电池板可增加屋顶上的死负荷量。以这种方式增加体重可能不在轻巧的屋顶结构中。通常，太阳能电池板每个重约50磅（不包括所使用的硬件和安装系统的重量）。在流过的水的重量（如果使用热面板系统）的重量中，则增加了在屋顶上增加的重量。轻巧的桁架失败的时间范围在5到15分钟之间，具体取决于一些因素。随着住宅结构屋顶上的太阳能电池板系统，失败的时间将增加。我们可能必须采用其他通风方法来代替垂直通风。
实时能源是消防员将面临的第二种危害。用于发电的太阳网格领带系统可与每个面板一起使用，以产生最大的电力量。每个面板将每面积约24至48伏（V）；当捆绑在一起时，它们可以产生120V至400V的范围。如果消防员用斧头或链锯将通风孔切开太阳能电池板，则消防员将感觉到该网格系统中产生的全电压。如果需要垂直通风，最好的选择是找到可以切割屋顶的位置。
Rooftop gardens are popular in many inner-city dwellings and apartment buildings. These gardens come in a variety of layouts, and the inclusion of what to grow is limitless. You will find these gardens mostly on flat roofs, but they can be installed on sloped roofs as well. Switzerland passed a new law requiring all new buildings built to replace the “green” space taken by the building with a green space of equal size on the roof. It does not matter what type of roof is present; the green space must be relocated up to it. This law also covers existing buildings and with different types of roofs. In addition, a school in France is covered by a tent structure that protects a layer of grass on its roof. It performs “double duty” by providing a green footprint while holding the tent in place.
添加草皮，水和植物种植食物将为整体屋顶结构增添相当大的重量。即使大多数安装手册都警告房主寻求一名结构工程师来衡量他们的屋顶是否能够处理增加的重量，但在场景中增加火势肯定会导致屋顶倒塌更快。
When sizing up a residential or commercial building from the exterior, look to see what rooftop obstructions are present and, if found, reconsider what rooftop operations you will conduct in addition to your interior operations.
马克·范·德·费斯特has been in the fire service since 1999 and is a full-time firefighter in Ontario, Canada. He is an international instructor teaching in Canada, the United States, and India, and at FDIC. He is a local level suppression instructor for the Pennsylvania State Fire Academy and an instructor for the Justice Institute of British Columbia. He is also the lead author of住宅消防救援（Pennwell）。
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Truck Company Ops: Horizontal Ventilation
