克莱·马吉（Clay Magee）的文章
With the history of the halligan and tool quality and selection behind us, we can now move on to the really exciting stuff. Math! I’m just kidding, it’s probably the most boring part, but besides understanding where our tools have come from and understanding what makes a quality tool, it truly is important to know how your equipment functions. With an understanding of levers and mechanical advantage, you will have a better understanding of the tool and how to apply it.
来自哈利根的ins和外出：第1部分：酋长和他的丑陋酒吧|Part II: There Are Many Halligans But This One Is Mine
(1) Gap and set lines marked on forks.
在我们深入研究杠杆和机械优势之前，我想花点时间谈论调整您的Halligan。调整哈利根可以像您想要的那样简单或复杂。您可以在狭窄的空间中打开肩膀。您可以缝隙叉子以允许您拉动钥匙内锁，以进行锁定的强制入口。我想谈的很简单。它增加了您的差距和设定线路。在强迫门时，添加差距和设定线可为您提供视觉参考。他们有助于确保您不会设置工具太浅，但请确保您不会浪费时间比您需要的时间更远。间隙线在叉子上放置在1.75英寸的ADZ上。为什么？ Because the typical door is 1.75 inches thick. We use the gap lines on outward-swinging doors. The set line is used on inward- and outward-swinging doors with the forks. The set line on the forks is at 5 inches. This helps make sure that the forks are far enough in so as not to slip out, but also helps make sure you don’t lose your tool by driving it too far. The set line on the adz is optional. It is placed at 3.25 inches. This is only used on outward-swinging doors, and 3.25 inches is plenty to make sure your tool is set behind the door and won’t slip off.照片1-4show gap and set lines marked and then cut on both the adz and forks of a Pro Bar. Having this understanding of gap and set lines will help you see how they apply later on.
The next topic we need to cover is the anatomy of the Pro Bar. All of these measurements are based off of a standard Pro Bar. The Pro Bar is 3 inches in overall length (照片5）。ADZ长6英寸，边缘宽2英寸（照片6）。The pick is 6 inches long (照片7）。The adz/pick triangle is 5 inches tall (照片8）。The forks are 6 inches long and the fork crotch is 5 inches long (照片9）。
现在是有趣的:杠杆。有三个类of levers, but when it comes to the halligan, we only use two of these, Class I and Class II. Now let me give a disclaimer. I’m not an engineer. I’ve seen different articles from respectable guys that all disagree on this topic. I’m giving you my best understanding and how I teach it in all my forcible entry classes. There are three terms that are important to understand: Force, fulcrum, and load. Force is the effort being applied to the end of the halligan. Fulcrum is where the load pivots; in our case it will be the door jamb or stop. The load is what is being moved, in our case the door. A Class I lever (photo 10）是哈里根（Halligan）最常见的用途。它与所有向外摆动的门一起使用，当与ADZ隔开一扇向内的门时。您可以将其视为远见。负载在一端，将努力应用于另一端，并且支点在中间。II类杠杆（photo 11)是用于inward-swinging门上的叉子and when obtaining a crushing gap on outward-swinging doors. You can think of it like a wheel barrow. The load sits in the middle. The effort is applied to the end and on the other end is the fulcrum that it pivots off.
Mechanical advantage is a defined by Merriam-Webster as “the advantage gained by the use of a mechanism in transmitting force.” Mechanical advantage is figured by a specific formula. Mechanical Advantage = distance from the effort to the fulcrum/distance from the fulcrum to the load. The math presented below can change based on the positioning of the halligan in relation to the load (door) and the fulcrum (jamb). It’s also safe to say that it changes as metal bends and crushes during your force.
在向外摆动的门上获得碎裂缝隙具有15：1的机械优势，并且是II级杠杆。从努力到支点的距离为30英寸。从支点到负载的距离为2英寸。所以30/2是15（photo 12）。
用ADZ向外开门的应用具有15：1的机械优势，并且是I类杠杆。从努力到支点的距离为30英寸。从支点到负载的距离为2英寸。因此，30/2是15（photo 13）。
Forcing an outward-opening door with the forks has a mechanical advantage of 12.5:1 and is a Class I lever. Distance from effort to fulcrum is 25 inches. The distance from fulcrum to load is 2 inches. So, 25/2 is 12.5 (photo 14）。
用ADZ强迫向内开门具有15：1的机械优势，并且是I类杠杆。从努力到支点的距离为30英寸。从支点到负载的距离为2英寸。因此，30/2是15（photo 15）。
Forcing an inward-opening door with the forks can be performed two ways: bevel to the door or bevel to the frame. Bevel to the door is textbook and provides the most spread. When forcing with bevel to the frame, you lose spread because of the adz hitting the door, however it may be desirable when faced with a tight door as the natural curve of the forks will work its way around the door. The mechanical advantage does not change between the two. The mechanical advantage is 13.5:1 and is a Class II lever. Distance from effort to fulcrum is 27 inches. The distance from fulcrum to load is 2 inches. So, 27/2 is 13.5 (photo 16and17）。
It’s important to remember this is just a brief overview. To maximize your mechanical advantage, you must grab the furthest point of the tool. If you choke up on the tool, you shorten the distance of effort to fulcrum and decrease your mechanical advantage. Mechanical advantage can be increased on outward swinging doors by marrying a 6-foot hook or another halligan to help force the door. Finally, the greater your mechanical advantage, the less spread you get, and vice versa.
好吧，就是这样。从哈利根（Halligan）的历史到为什么起作用的一切。重要的是，尤其是在消防部门中，知道我们来自哪里，工具的来源以及为什么它们是标准的。这不仅有助于消防员使用它们，而且还可以使您了解它们为什么工作。对工具的更深入了解可以使您在使用它们时拥有更好的工作知识。
Clay Magee是一名教练魔术城卡车学院以及伯明翰（AL）消防和救援和切尔西消防和救援的消防员/护理人员。目前，他被分配在伯明翰营救20。克莱（Clay）于2004年在密西西比州立大学就读时在东俄克斯坦（East Oktibbeha）消防局开始了他的职业生涯。自2013年以来，他就一直在伯明翰大火。他热衷于强行进入和高层行动。188金宝搏合法他拥有密西西比州立大学的工商管理学士学位，哥伦比亚南部大学的消防科学副学士学位以及阿拉巴马州消防学院的多项认证。
