By Gregory Havel
的previous articlein this series reviewed the development of fire, especially fires in compartments inside buildings.
Fire development may be most rapid in a compartment in which the surfaces are highly combustible or ignitable, including the following:
- Carpeted floors or walls.
- Heavily-waxed wood floors, wall paneling, or tongue-and-groove boards.
- 易于发射的材料，即纤维板镶板，壁纸，窗帘，低密度纤维板声瓷砖，墙壁和天花板。
的use of highly combustible or easily-ignitable surfaces in a compartment leads to the following:
- 减少了翻转和闪存的时间。
- Reduced time to burn-through of the combustible surfaces.
- Reduced time to exposure of the concealed spaces behind the combustible surfaces, which are not sprinklered in many construction types.
- Rapid ignition of the surfaces in the concealed spaces if they are combustible. Photo 1 shows the wood framing surrounding structural steel, which supports lightweight wood trusses. Photo 2 shows wood lath supporting plaster in wood frame construction.
- Expansion of superheated products of combustion into the concealed spaces, even if they are not combustible (photo 3).
- Extension of the fire through interconnected concealed spaces (see photo 1) and into occupied spaces with breaks in the fire-resistive assemblies.
（1）作者的照片。
(2)
(3)
请注意，即使是在防火组件中隐藏的空间（墙壁，地板天花板）（照片4）也可以用作防火的管道或烟囱，因为它们的防火性仅适用另一个温度。如果火灾或过热气体为insidethe fire-rated assembly.
(4)
进一步的结果是，如果它们的内部易燃，或者如果不燃烧，则将火力延伸到建筑物的无引起的区域，以及承重墙和其他组件的快速故障。
最近已经翻新的现代或较旧的建筑物很可能在墙壁内与落地间隔的隐藏空间相互联系的墙壁内的隐藏空间。此外，在木框或不可识别的建筑物（照片5）中进行气球构架可以在火点地板上的隐藏空间中以及垂直上的燃烧产物携带过热的燃烧产品，并垂直到上方地板上的隐藏空间。
(5)
In addition, these interconnected concealed spaces are likely to contain load-bearing members such as wood or metal studs and structural steel columns and beams (as in photos 1, 4, and 5). Fire extension into a concealed space in a compartment can rapidly endanger the structural stability of the building by burning away or weakening by heat the load-bearing members inside.
的behavior of the fire in concealed spaces, in addition to the high rate of heat release from today’s room furnishings and the reduced mass of structural members, is a primary reason that firefighters can no longer depend on having as much as 20 minutes after arrival to have an impact on the fire. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s fatality reports and research by Underwriters Laboratories Fire Safety Research Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology show that buildings on fire are ready to collapse on our arrival. This means that you must modify traditional firefighting tactics and strategies to keep firefighters out of harm’s way.
事前计划对于这项工作至关重要，在被占用和隐藏空间中安装自动消防洒水系统也是如此，以防止大火爆发出射击室并在整个建筑物中蔓延。
将本文作为PDF下载这里
Gregory Havelis a member of the Town of Burlington (WI) Fire Department; retired deputy chief and training officer; and a 35-year veteran of the fire service. He is a Wisconsin-certified fire instructor II, fire officer II, and fire inspector; an adjunct instructor in fire service programs at Gateway Technical College; and safety director for Scherrer Construction Co., Inc. Havel has a bachelor’s degree from St. Norbert College; has more than 35 years of experience in facilities management and building construction; and has presented classes at FDIC.
MORE CONSTRUCTION CONCERNS
