由Mark van der Feyst
通过试图确保所有人员以安全的方式行事，以高度安全的促进，每次消防运营都得到了促进；这是为了确保任务完成后所有人都回家。我们执行的最危险的任务之一是提高梯子。由于周围的高架障碍物，这项任务伴随着危险的风险很高。
高架电线可能是我们最大的关注点，因为电线已经无数次杀死了消防员。当空中阶梯接触电气线时，我们大多听到了导线死亡（LODD）。一个这样的洛德发生在2008年1月7日，当时斯克兰顿（宾夕法尼亚州）消防局的吉姆·罗伯森（Jim Robeson）上尉在他经营的空中桶中接近电静电，与房屋大火接触高压电线。电源已被切入房屋，但没有在街上的线路上。
最近，我回应了一个涉及高功率电线和火车的事件。当地的公用事业公司告诉我们，即使电源线可能已经从杆子上切下来，它们也可以在电网上返回以再次提供电力。同时，线路由约100英里外的当地办公室监视。当他们检测到系统中的故障中断时，他们将“重新启动”线再次传输电力。如果故障中断继续，他们将派遣机组来解决问题。在这里获悉的教训是，直到当地公用事业公司确认权力已被终止和断开连接之前。每行都需要将其视为现场。
Basic Training
在基础培训中，我们总是教学生在抬高地面或空中梯子时寻找任何高架障碍物，例如树木，电线和部分建筑物。树木对梯子有障碍物，但在致命的意义上没有障碍（尽管电线可以穿过树木而不被看到）。我们必须将任何电线视为危险，并采取一切预防措施以避免它们。每当我教消防员时，我都会测试准备，我总是指示学生口头说：“没有高架线或障碍物。”这种口头对话可以帮助学生在举起梯子之前记住抬头。它还告诉评估人员，学生正在寻找高架障碍物。
Overhead wires are also a constant obstruction in residential, commercial, industrial, and rural areas, some more than others. There are increased numbers of overhead obstructions in densely populated areas. These obstructions will prohibit us from conducting certain operations. Photo 1 show an alleyway behind main street buildings in State College, Pennsylvania. The buildings have commercial or mercantile occupancies on the first floor and residential occupancies for students on the second, third, and above floors. You can also see all the way down the alleyway.
（1）作者的照片。
Notice that all the wires are feeding the different buildings. The hydro pole is tilted on purpose. If you look closely at the base of the first hydro pole in the picture, you will see that it is right next to the building. If the pole were erected straight up, it would contact the building. So, it has been angled outward to avoid this. Now, the hydro pole is less than 10 feet from the other building across the street. If we had to affect a ladder rescue of a civilian trapped on the third floor, would you notice all the overhead wires that are present?
I mentioned that the hydro pole is less than 10 feet from the building—we have always been taught to avoid contact with any live electrical line within 10 feet. This prevents any chance of arching from the ladder and the electrical line. Would we attempt to rescue a person with these overhead obstructions present? There are a lot of “what ifs” that are associated with this scenario.
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More Big Questions
电力关闭了吗，您是否有另一种方法可以救出受害者，火在哪里，有不止一个人可以营救吗？我们可以花很多时间来辩论“如果什么，但是那里有消防员在他们附近的高架电线（10英尺内）进行了营救。这种情况决定了情况。但是，他们之所以尝试救援，是因为他们首先抬头观察到了高架障碍物，他们知道那里有什么。
每当您抬起任何梯子时，都会有一个发现者。当我们备份设备时，我们总是使用一个，那么为什么在抬起梯子时不使用一个设备呢？一组额外的眼睛对于发现您作为梯子操作员可能看不到的任何高架危险很有用。
So, how do we train for this? First, equip our training towers with overhead obstructions. Photo 2 shows a training tower with a high-rise building and a residential building.
(2)
两座建筑物周围都是您在响应区域中会发现的典型高架障碍物。这些电线没有生存；他们被用来训练消防员在抬起任何地面梯子或空中梯子之前抬头抬起头来。建筑物周围的电线在抬起梯子进行空中和地面操作时提供了不同水平的难度。
We must train our firefighters to always look up before we raise a ladder. Having them say aloud “no overhead wires or obstructions” may be a good start.
Mark van der Feysthas been in the fire service since 1999 and is a full-time firefighter in Ontario, Canada. He is an international instructor teaching in Canada, the United States, and India, and at FDIC. He is a local level suppression instructor for the Pennsylvania State Fire Academy and an instructor for the Justice Institute of British Columbia. He is also the lead author of Residential Fire Rescue (Pennwell).
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