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每次你被派遣到任何类型的跑步，当你到达场景时，你会做的第一个事情之一就是走出你的钻机。如果它是消防车，酋长越野车，救护车或任何其他紧急车辆并不重要。当你走出你的钻机时，你将进入第二个最危险的地方消防员to work–the highway.
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Highway Incident Safety: The Hits Keep Coming!
多年来，我们在巷道事件中提出了很多东西来改善我们的防守策略。我们还有工作要做。让我们花一些时间来审查基本的战略和策略，帮助您在任何类型的道路上保护您的人员。
Safe Positioning
One of the earliest decisions you’ll make on arrival at the scene is where you should position your钻孔。The act of parking at an incident scene is known as blocking, safe parking, or safe positioning. First-arriving units need to set up a defensive block using the “Lane + 1″ rule. Block traffic in the lane of the incident plus at least one additional lane next to the incident lane to allow for safe operations. If the incident is on the right shoulder, block the right shoulder and the next adjacent lane to the left. Depending on the scope of the incident, you may need to block more lanes, or maybe the incident has already blocked additional lanes. If the incident is in a left lane or shoulder, you’ll need to block that lane plus at least one additional lane to the right at a minimum. Park the unit at an angle with the front wheels turned away from the incident work area and the chocks set. Parking the rig at an angle helps approaching motorists understand that your rig is stopped, parked, and not moving. When your rig is parked in line with high-speed traffic, distracted motorists might not realize you’re not moving until it’s too late. If theincident涉及火灾和线路将拉动，帮助确保泵操作员通过定位钻机的安全性，使操作员将位于钻机的受保护侧（下游侧）。如果您将在部署提取工具，请考虑它们在钻机上的位置，并将设备的角度保护该区域。一些消防部门向道路事件发送额外的单位，以充当朝着他们想要流量的方向定向的安全块。
For more guidance on Safe Positioning see the online free training module:
巷道事件的阻止程序 -http://learning.respondersafety.com/Training_Programs/Blocking.aspx
大小报告
同时定位钻机，officer需要快速尺码并提供现场报告。确认有关地址或地标事件的位置。宣布哪些车道涉及和/或阻止。有多少车辆？报告任何易于识别的危险（击败电线，泄漏的液体，道路状况等）。将定位指令仍然是通往场景的路线而言也非常重要。请提前告诉他们，您希望将它们定位（左，右，中心或车道编号，在您所在的地区）。在旅行方向或“下游”发生之前，您希望它们“上游”在发生之前。如果情况表明，收入单元应放在块右侧（角度单元到右侧）或留下（左侧成角度）位置，请务必咨询响应的公司。车道指定术语应在您所在地区的所有学科中保持一致。
Emergency Lights
一旦钻机正确定位，驾驶员/操作员应调整场景条件的紧急灯。关闭面向前灯的白光（即，高光束前灯或假发效率。）如果您在中位数的物理障碍的多百万高速公路上，请考虑熄灭所有面向前方的紧急灯。执法部门很久以前，前瞻性的紧急灯吸引了不必要的关注驾驶员在另一个方向行驶。火灾和紧急医疗服务（EMS）代理商应考虑相同的策略。在沿正确方向定向的钻机上激活任何交通方向箭头。随着泛光灯和场景灯部署，确保他们对驾驶者在任一方向上移动现场的阳光危险。我们希望阐明工作区，但在此过程中不会产生额外的眩光危险。随着部署更临时的交通控制设备，考虑降低场景的紧急点燃量。
Bigger, brighter, faster emergency lights do not necessarily make the scene safer; in many cases, too many warning lights cause driver distractions and visibility issues contributing to firefighter struck-by-vehicle incidents. Modern emergency warning lights cause significant glare issues for drivers moving in the area of an incident, especially at night time. If your unit is equipped with a high-power/low-power switch for emergency lights, make sure the driver/operator selects the correct position for the ambient light conditions.
Temporary Traffic Controls
我们设备上的主要警告灯不会告诉驾驶者如何在我们的事件场景中安全地导航，甚至是安全的。部署锥体和/或耀斑将有助于指导驾驶员过去的事件场景，提前警告标志将有助于引起他们的注意。锥体应该是橙色的，具有两个反射带和28到36英寸高。通过在雾线或肩部开始钻机后面150到300英尺的锥体来构建锥度。随着交通流量允许的允许，从距离钻机最远的锥体开始，将锥体移动到倾斜线上的交通车道中，一直返回到钻机。通过在锥体之间交替耀斑伸展锥体锥度进一步（用于更高的高速公路）：锥形 - 锥形 - 锥体等等，喇叭口和锥之间的间距应与发布的速度限制大致相同（例如：35英尺在设备35英里/小时（MPH）之间，在设备之间为55英里/小时之间的55英尺，用于55英里/小时的速度限制道路）。
If available, warning signs can be deployed well in advance of an incident scene to warn approaching drivers of the emergency vehicles parked ahead. Florescent pink signs with black text work very well at getting drivers’ attention. Generic messages like “Emergency Scene Ahead” work best in a variety of situations. Signs should be 4- x 4 feet’ for high-speed roadways. In some areas, the second-in fire rig will deploy the advance warning sign. Safety officers or duty chiefs can also be used to deploy advance warning signs as they approach the scene. If Department of Transportation safety service patrols are operating in your area, coordinate with them to deploy the temporary traffic controls. In most cases, they can deploy signs, cones, flares, and maybe even arrow boards, which are very effective traffic-control devices.
Review the free online training module:
预警 -https://learning.respondersafety.com/Training_Programs/Advance_Warning.aspx
人员安全
尽可能培训人员以在钻机的受保护方面下线。如果是不可能的话，他们应该检查镜子是否接近交通，打开门打开，并在踩出之前寻找车辆。靠近钻机，快速移动到设备的受保护侧。随着机组人员加强，他们需要不断了解他们的周围环境，并避免任何“零缓冲区”区域，他们无法受到交通的保护。
Personnel not engaged in firefighting activities should be wearing high-visibility garments (i.e., vest, jacket, coat, and so on). High-visibility means florescent and reflective for better visibility in daylight and nighttime conditions. Vests can be worn over turnouts if necessary. Many fire departments have personnel install vests on their bunker gear in the station. When they are dispatched to a run, if they will be packing up, the vest can be easily removed when they take a seat. Break-away features on the vests help facilitate easy removal.
该国的一些地区拥有特殊培训的人员称为“火警官”。他们的工作是提供交通和人群控制。除了如上所述的高可见性个人防护装备外，还必须在事件中分配给直接交通的任何人员都配备了适当的工作工具，包括停止/慢桨，带有红色魔杖，标志的手电筒和先前提到的临时交通控制设备。
For more details on personnel safety while directing traffic, watch the online training program:
安全消防服务交通管制实践 -https://learning.respondersafety.com/Training_Programs/Safe_Fire_Service_Traffic_Control_Practices.aspx
训练
Personnel should be trained on roadway incident hazards and safety procedures before responding to their first emergency scene. Roadway incident safety training should be based on local standard operating procedures or guidelines and should be included in the annual in-service training schedule.
There are lots of free roadway incident训练资源可用www.respondersafety.com, a Web site devoted specifically to preventing struck-by-vehicle incidents involving firefighters, emergency medical technicians, and other emergency responders. The respondersafety.com Web site also offers free online training modules about all aspects of roadway incident safety including blocking techniques, advance warning for traffic control, model practices and procedures, roadway incident command, and other subjects. Click on the Learning Network icon on the main Web site page.
最近的趋势在道路事故安全training is multiagency joint training with the other disciplines in your area. Law enforcement, transportation, mutual- aid fire and EMS agencies, and towing and recovery personnel training together for roadway incidents is a very effective way to provide for everyone’s safety and more efficient operations. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is deploying the National Traffic Incident Management Train-the-Trainer program nationwide. This 12-hour workshop is designed to provide experienced trainers with content and training aids to teach multiagency emergency responders about commonly recognized practices and procedures for handling roadway incidents. The main goals of the program are, first and foremost, responder safety and also quick clearance of incidents. Emergency responders from all disciplines countrywide have embraced the program. Keep an eye out in your area for a program announcement, and be sure to send your best trainers when the opportunity presents itself.
如果您需要一些与巷道事故安全相关的可用培训辅助设备，则有负载可获得的免费资源http://www.respondersafety.com/Resources.aspx。它们包括带有扬声器笔记和学生讲义的参考资料和功率点程序。
我们从哪里开始？
一些消防员认为，公路事件安全是指穿高可见性背心的人员。不对。公路事件安全是多重培训和关系的组合;与州和联邦标准，法律和准则保持一致的常见做法和程序;正在进行的区域合作;并广泛使用临时交通控制设备。没有一种特定的活动可以保证您在巷道事件的安全。一致使用适当的做法和程序以及上述其他措施将绝对改善您的人员和设备安全地从道路事件反应返回的机会。为您的代理商开发道路事件指南，并将其作为您的部门培训的基础。审查您的指导方针和运输和/或公共工程机构。 Make sure your guidelines do not cause conflict with any other agencies. Provide orientation training for new personnel, and make sure roadway incident safety is part of your annual in-service training schedule at the station.
Finally, review your procedures and training material each year to make sure they is still current and in compliance with all local, state, and federal laws; standards; and guidelines. Make changes as needed, and convey those changes to your personnel. Work to improve roadway operations with your firefighters, and help them understand just how dangerous it is to work roadway incidents. Always watch your back!
生物学
JACK SULLIVANCSP, cfpis the director of training for the Emergency Responder Safety Institute, a diverse group of seasoned emergency services personnel dedicated to reducing emergency responder deaths and injuries from struck-by-vehicle incidents. He has 25 years of experience with fire and emergency medical services and has held the ranks of lieutenant, assistant chief, deputy chief, and safety officer. He is a technical member of the National Committee of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (NCUTCD) and is assigned to the Temporary Traffic Control Committee responsible for Chapter 6-I of theManual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices（MUTCD）。他也是国家消防协会交通管制事件管理专业资格（NFPA 1091）的主要成员。他是联邦公路SHRP 2国家交通事故管理列车的主教练 - 培训师计划。
