由埃德·米尔斯（Ed Mills）和马克·戈拉斯维斯（Mark Golaszewski）
在航空，军事，执法和医疗服务等领域，使用模拟来增强技能培训是很常见的，在这种领域中，在实际环境中培训可能是危险且昂贵的。模拟和新兴技术的使用在消防员培训中较不常见，但兴趣正在增长。科罗拉多州州长信息技术办公室和FirstNet探索了一些新兴技术，有可能改善模拟培训2016年火灾领导挑战赛，，，，sponsored by theColorado State Fire Chiefs Association.
Training firefighters in different situations that may arise on the fireground often involves a burn building at a training center, a controlled burn of a structure, or a prescribed wildland burn. Although these scenarios provide live-fire situations, they can be expensive in terms of personnel time and equipment and can also create the risk of unintended property damage or harm to the trainee.
Training simulations are used to provide lifelike situations and circumstances that the trainee experiences in a safe, controlled environment. The training value is maximized if it creates situations that the trainee can influence based on the decisions he makes or actions he takes.
虽然二维模拟一直存在space of the personal computer, emerging technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) enable the creation of lifelike 3-D situations that may also include active, physical involvement by the trainee.
VR is the use of interactive computer software and hardware to create a simulated environment. The use of VR headsets can provide an immersive 3-D and 360° visual experience. The VR environment can be further intensified by sensory simulations such as touch, sound, heat, smell, or weather conditions. Common entertainment examples include video games such asMadden ’17，，，，使命召唤，，，，and光环。
Augmentation of the real world may be accomplished with digitally generated sights, sounds, or location data to enhance the perception of reality. AR in firefighter training may include the use of a heads-up display (HUD) incorporated into the mask of a responder’s self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Such a display could simulate a smoke-filled room, a low-air supply, or a flashover situation.
有关的：伯顿接受基于模拟的成功操作培训”Cleveland on Maximizing Simulation Driver Training”Kimberly on Developing a Simulation Training Program
尽管我们可以将VR和AR视为新鲜和新鲜，但这些概念具有丰富而多样的历史。直到1800年代，立体镜给出了图像的3-D视图。商业飞行始于1920年代，到1930年代，人们需要进行创新的方式来教授从地面安全的飞行方面。航空的先驱埃德温·林克（Edwin Link）创造了飞行幻觉，这些幻觉转向了培训的实际应用。“虚拟现实”一词是在1980年代创造的。这个概念使用户可以共享计算机创建的环境。
这re were obviously many turns in between that led us to the current precipice of VR and AR. However, from the stereoscope to the origination of RB2, the message was clear that VR and AR are ways to experience the real world in a controlled environment and, from those interactions, one may be better prepared for the real world, where dangers lurk.
“Today, when a firefighter takes command of an incident, an initial thought may be, ‘Now what do I do?’ As a volunteer firefighter in rural Colorado, I know firsthand the best way to prepare is to train constantly. But it is difficult to get a 360° experience of what one may encounter on any scene. With the emergence of VR technologies, the firefighter will be able to safely challenge him or herself to handle scenarios involving dangerous weather conditions, difficult water source locations, compromised structures, and shifting smoke. This technology will help firefighters hone their skills in making split-second decisions in a controlled environment. I am thrilled that FirstNet is raising the banner of innovation and dreaming about the next iterations of VR and AR for learning.” – Ed Mills
想象一下，AR HUD提供关键信息，例如纬度，经度，轴承，风速和高度，或者AR工具装有危险品资源响应。
FirstNet，一个努力在全国范围内部署公共安全的无线宽带网络的独立实体是“框开出来思考”，以帮助响应者利用公众共同的技术，以及一个明显的工具来帮助完善技能，并提供重要的信息在操作期间。
FirstNet设想AN应用生态系统where innovative applications are conceived, developed, tested, and made available to first responders to improve training and operations. FirstNet recently dedicated an一世在科罗拉多州博尔德市的NNOVATION和测试实验室旨在将公共安全人员和技术开发人员汇集在一起探索和尝试新技术，例如VR和AR。
Commercial and governmental investments in VR and AR technologies are rapidly increasing as more companies and agencies see the potential in these technologies. Steady development of new VR and AR systems, which are becoming more mainstream as costs come down, is transforming experiential learning. In addition, there is the potential to eventually migrate use of AR technologies from firefighter training to use in actual firefighter operations.
全国各地的急救人员将通过使用具有专门用于公共安全的光谱容量的无线网络可以提供的下一代工具。这种能力是FirstNet所带来的。使这一切结合在一起的关键是联邦，部落，州和地方一级的公共安全机构之间的合作以及公私合作伙伴关系。
这科罗拉多州州长信息技术办公室and FirstNet wish to thank the Colorado State Fire Chiefs Association and Executive Director Garry Briese for their vision and the opportunity to explore and share the potential for these fascinating and exciting technologies at their Fire Leadership Challenge 2016.
要了解更多并参与其中，请访问firstNnet.gov或接触到您的SPOC。
Ed Mills是科罗拉多州FirstNet的外展和教育经理。
Mark Golaszewski一世s the Director of Applications for FirstNet.
