By Billy Jack Wenzel and Charles Keeton
熟悉基本的火灾行为nd combustion should be familiar with the fire tetrahedron. For decades, the fire triangle – comprising heat, fuel, and oxygen -was used to describe the chemical structure of fire. Then a fourth component, chemical chain reaction, was added, and the fire tetrahedron was created.
The same type of scenario has played out in the promotional processes utilized within the fire service. For many years, we have operated under the assumption that seniority, a written test, and assessment exercises identified and measured the key components required to be a fire officer. However, just like the fire triangle, we are not identifying all the components necessary to identify the best person to promote. The fire service typically has one of the most stringent testing systems of any profession, evaluating candidates by seniority, written tests, and a battery of assessment exercises. As a direct result, the fire service struggles with identifying and promoting the right people. The problem is we are not evaluating all the attributes required to be a good officer. To that end, the “Leadership Tetrahedron” has developed and added another facet that we should incorporate into our promotional processes.
The Leadership Tetrahedron
The leadership tetrahedron places basic traits required to be a good fire officer: desire, ability, courage, and human relations/interpersonal skills.
Good officers will always have the desire to aspire as well as inspire. They have the desire to serve others, the desire to succeed, as well as the desire to excel at everything they do. They continually seek ways to improve themselves and others. They attend training sessions, seek feedback from their subordinates and their superiors on how they are doing, while at the same time strive to pass on what they know and have learned to others. Training is a top priority for these individuals, because they do not operate under the assumption they know it all, or have nothing left to learn. Persons who have lost the desire typically accept status quo and merely perform duties expected of them, without striving to excel. Those who have desire normally possess a positive attitude toward their job and the department.
第二个组件是能力。无论人们拥有多大的欲望，他/她都可能缺乏完成这项工作所需的能力或技能。要成为一名有效的官员，需要学习，练习并在某些技能上有效。能力可以分为一系列不同的技能，包括但不限于SOG，ICS，代码执法，建筑构建，基本技能，消防策略，领导力等知识。188金博网网址多少通常，这些是我们在其中测试的领域，评估了候选人了解运营准则和其他基本火灾相关信息的程度。如果使用了评估过程，则将尝试对候选人的使用能力提出价值。根据过程的不同，这可能是总分的一小部分，也可能是评估候选人的唯一分数。关键是它仅测试当时候选人在“游戏”情况下所拥有的知识，并且没有测试四面体领导力的所有四个组成部分。
The third component of the leadership tetrahedron is courage. Here, courage is the ability of an officer to stand on his/her own two feet, and assume responsibility for his/her actions; make decisions based on his/her own judgment; and step outside the box and take risks. Officers are needed that use discretion and common sense and who are not afraid to make decisions even if they do not follow policy. Furthermore, good officers possess the courage to assume their duties and not dodge those responsibilities just so they can remain “one of the troops”. Officers should also possess the courage to discipline when required. Additionally, a good officers should also have the courage to stand up for the “troops” when a new policy is unjust or unfair, or a new procedure is unsafe, and not roll over or look the other way because it may be good for his/her career.
The final component encompasses interpersonal skills or human relations. No matter how much desire potential officers have to inspire their subordinates to do better, if they cannot relate to their subordinates or if they do so in a manner that generates resentment then they will not be effective. No matter how many classes prospective officers have attended, or skills sets they have perfected, or abilities they have attained, they will be ineffective if they cannot relate to their subordinates on how to get the job done. And no matter how much courage individuals possess, if they continually bully their subordinates to get their way, then they will be ineffective.
好军官必须能够与他人交流和联系。如果一名官员始终被书籍冷酷而被移走，并且不与下属或下属交流，那么他/她不太可能与他们建立联系。气氛将成为，并且可能仍然是“我们与他们”的气氛。这些不是部队将跟随的军官类型。优秀的官员在保留该小组的授权人物的同时，与该小组建立联系，并知道谁组成了小组，什么激励小组成员以及他们的利益是什么。他/她还了解他们的优势和缺点是什么，并利用他们的知识和技能，利用每个人的优势，同时减少了他们的弱点。
如果军官不具备四面体领导力的所有组成部分，那么他们将不会有效。开发一个评估四面体领导力的四个组成部分的过程。候选人在整个职业生涯中都需要根据现实情况下的所有这些因素进行评估，而不仅仅是在过去几个月或评估活动的15分钟内。
Development Process Based On The Leadership Tetrahedron
开发使用书面测试，评估练习和同伴评估来测量所有四面体组件的促销过程。书面测试将评估候选人的基本知识，并将候选人数量减少到其他过程的可管理规模。假设一个人准备为测试做准备的时间确定他/她的表现，书面测试还将在有限的程度上衡量候选人的愿望。评估练习可以评估候选人的愿望和能力，如果设计正确，也可以决定候选人的人际关系技巧。但是，必须意识到通常会受到限制，因为大多数候选人都扮演与公众或人事事务打交道的角色，一对一。无领导者的小组评估练习可以评估一个人在小组环境中工作的能力，但是由于评估候选人的短时间和小组的动态，这也受到限制。意识到，尽管有这些限制，评估练习是一种有价值的测试工具，应使用。
A peer evaluation can measure the components of the tetrahedron that are missed in the written and assessment exercises. If their peers evaluate candidates, with whom they work with on a regular basis and who have nothing to gain (or lose) in the process, then they will truly and accurately be evaluated. A peer evaluation could rate characteristics such as: responsibility, job performance, communication skills, leadership abilities, attitude/demeanor, judgment, ability to be a team player, integrity, human relations skills, problem analysis, handling of stress/problems/adaptability, and initiative/motivation. Scores and weights could then be applied to these ratings and combined with the written and assessment scores to develop a composite score for ranking candidates.
资历不适合在任何地方领导人hip tetrahedron. Seniority, while easy to calculate, only tells us how long a person has been on the job, not how good of a job that person has been doing during that time. It is a very poor indicator of who is the best candidate for promotion and should not be used in the promotional process. However, seniority should play a role as a prerequisite to participating in the promotional process.
比利·杰克·温泽尔（Billy Jack Wenzel）是威奇托消防局的25年老兵。他是该部门危险材料团队的过去成员，并拥有危险的材料技术人员级别的认证。他已担任部门技术救援团队的成员已有15年的历史，并在许多领域获得了认证，包括：高角度，沟渠，水肺和密闭空间。Wenzel是NFA兼职教练，EMI辅助讲师，FDIC的过去教练和Kufrti的教练。他拥有工商管理学士学位。他还是几篇与火灾有关的文章的发表作者，包括“堪萨斯谷物尘埃爆炸”188金宝搏是正规吗。
