By Ryan Pennington
今天的消防部门发生的许多事情都是反应性的。反应，然后从悲惨事件或几乎失踪中学习仍然是一种持续的训练消防员的方式，以避免遇到悲惨或近乎恐怖的呼吁的同样错误。我对在ho积条件下战斗大火的研究就是一个对近乎错过的反应的例子。我开始注意到这类房屋的增加以及在紧急医疗服务（EMS）运行中生长的混乱环境的数量。我从未真正考虑过内部进行救援。然后发生了：我的家庭部门亲身经历了它。
The call came in as a working fire in a 3,000-square-foot house with confirmed entrapment. During the rescue, there were multiple near-miss situations that ranged from out-of-air emergencies to a firefighter falling through the floor and into the basement. Right here on this call, the dangers of cluttered fires became evident. This fire enticed me to begin to research fires that occur inside hoarding conditions. During my research, I found that not many articles addressed the dangers and tactical changes needed to make the hoarded environment safer.
Stereotypes
Since I have begun this research, I have had the privilege of speaking to many firefighters and officers who have also responded to these types of calls. I heard over and over again statements like, “We won’t go in” and “Let them burn.” These choices may be valid in some situations, but the fire service needs to tear down the barrier of this stereotype. How many fires can you classify into one category? Not many. Hoarding fires are more complex than “normal” bread-and-butter fires and have many additional variables we need to consider when facing them.
Can we go interior on all hoarding fires? Unfortunately, no. Can we try to make a rescue if we have a confirmed live victim trapped? Yes. These examples are basic descriptions of a defensive vs. an offensive attack strategy. Do they sound familiar?
酋长比利·戈德菲德（Billy Goldfedder）对陷入战术的消防员有很好的回应：“向我展示大火，我会告诉你我们将要做什么。”这种方法正是我们在ho积条件下应处理火灾的方式。这一切都始于打破所有ho积火灾的假设“仅防御性”。
Offensive vs. Defensive
决定进入一个杂乱无章的环境来抗击火灾或救援的决定应基于坚实，全面的规模。这个尺寸应包括以下变量：
•火的位置
• Confirmation of viable victims
• Small fire
•足够的人员配备
• Available secondary means of egress
• Adequate water supply
• Volume of smoke and fire
ho积火和非顽固的火灾的尺寸相同。唯一的区别是，可以通过查看外部来识别许多ho积条件。长满的植被和一堆物品是内部混乱的两个线索。如果第一次派遣人员发现了这些线索，则需要进行更多的调查以确定内部条件。如果外部有大量混乱，那么如果情况改善，官员可以决定从防御性攻击和过渡到进攻攻击。
If it is confirmed that a victim is trapped, you must attempt an offensive attack even in heavy clutter conditions, but you must adjust for the conditions. Often, homes of compulsive hoarders are so full of belongings that they no longer can sleep in the bedrooms, use primary routes of entry, or use the available empty spaces for day-to-day living. Since researching hoarder fires, I have discovered that there is no common system hoarders use to store belongings. One person might fill the bedrooms first; others may leave the bedrooms empty until last. Commonly, the first two places to become full are attics and basements, and the last to be filled are kitchens and bathrooms. Based on this, we may start searching in the kitchens and bathrooms.
How can we confirm where the empty spaces are? The only sure way is to establish a prefire plan if we enter these homes during a public assist or an EMS call. After the situation is handled, we can ask for permission to have a look around. Identify the empty spaces, blocked means of entry, blocked windows, and other dangers. Many of the hoarding situations are discovered during a nonfire situation.
Going Inside
ho积火灾的一个普遍发现是，延长的燃烧时间会损坏地板甲板。明尼苏达州Shoreview和印第安纳州韦恩堡的案例研究说明了这些危险。在这两种情况下，估计在发现大火前12小时以上的燃烧时间。由于没有可用的气流，这些火灾可以停留在ho积区域内的更长。如果您考虑条件，则有燃料和热源，但缺少空气。随着物品的收集的增长，这种气流限制可以包含烟雾并允许延长燃烧时间。
冒犯救援或击倒小火的消防员必须调整他们爬行的方式，并不断地发出正面的声音。消防人员爬到没有听起来的人的头上爬行，地板会发现自己掉在地板上。他们应该在使用工具或水流声音的同时将爬网调整为鸭子队的样式。在韦恩堡案中，消防员的腿穿过地板。他的伴侣救了他。一项检查显示，地下室已经完全挤满了人，如果他跌倒在地板上，他将被严重困住。
Another best practice is to constantly evaluate the height of the stacks. As you push inside a structure with hoarding conditions, sweep above your head with a tool to determine the height of the stacks. Do not push the stacks over; just determine how high the stacks are so you can make any necessary adjustments. .
在这两个research burns we performed inside hoarded structures, we found that the stacks shield firefighters from the heat. The shielding increases as the stacks grow. This shielding can cause big trouble for firefighters: they could be reaching near-flashover conditions and not “feel” the heat rising as the fire rapidly grows.
不要爬在栈t如果你不知道吗ypes of materials are in the stack. Crawling over these mountains of merchandise can raise firefighters higher and expose them to higher temperatures, entanglement hazards, and collapse risks. Occupants use the pathways to travel from room to room; we should use them to perform searches and advance on the fire. Continuously sounding the floor and using a thermal imaging camera can help keep the firefighters on the floor instead of advancing up a stack of debris. Many firefighters have found themselves on top of debris stacks without realizing it.
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出现ho积条件时我们可以进去吗？有时。需要准确的尺寸，并且必须在内部调整战术！
BIO
Ryan Penningtonis an authority and expert on heavy content firefighting (hoarder firefighting). He has more than 22 years in the fire service and is a firefighter/paramedic in Charleston, West Virginia. He has trained thousands of firefighters in the United States and internationally. He has been published in fire service magazines in the United States and Canada. He is the founder of ChamberofHoarders.com, an online training academy for heavy-content firefighting.
