FIRE AND WATER ENGINEERING

FIRE AND WATER ENGINEERING

The convention of the International Association of Fire Engineers, held in Milwaukee last week, was the largest in the history of the organization. There were more than nine hundred delegates in attendance, and the exhibits were more numerous, while the interest taken in the proceedings appeared to be greater than on former similar occasions. I he choice of Denver for the convention next year was heartily approved, the Asociation feeling that the Far West is entitled tl this recognition. Kansas City, where the Association met in 1889. is the farthest western point that has yet been honored with the convention. The selection of W. H. Loller, chief of the Youngstown lire department, for president was a deserved recognition of one of the ablest and most active members of the Association. A complete report of the convention proceedings, including reproductions of papers read and discussed, will be found in future issues of this magazine.

治疗的一篇论文中最强大的代理with which to flavor water the United States Geological Survey asserts that a half part per million of iron in water is detectable by taste and more than four or five parts make a water unpalatable. In some mineral springs iron is the constituent which imparts a medicinal value to the water, but ordinarily it is undesirable. More than 2.5 parts pvr million in water used for laundering makes a stain on clothes. Iron must be removed from water from which ice is made or a cloudy, discolored product will result. An iron content of over two or three parts per million in water used in the manufacture of paper will stain the paper. Iron is harmful in water used for steaming, for it is in equilibrium with acids which inside the boiler become dissociated, with the result that the free acids corrode the boiler plates; but the amount of iron carried in solution by most waters is so small that the damage it does to steam boilers generally amounts to little. Waters having high iron content have in some places caused an immense amount of trouble and expense when used as city supplies, for they favor the growth of Crenothrix to such a degree that the water pipes become clogged with the iron sheaths of the organism. The removal of iron from water is sometimes easy and sometimes very difficult.