Six keys to success when it comes to preparation for the engine company officer
培训笔记本❘格雷格卖家
这是0330个小时,和铃铛,把your company out as the first-due engine on a fire in a residential neighborhood. What are your first thoughts as you wipe the sleep from your eyes? What type of structure am I responding to? What’s my staffing? Where is my nearest water supply? Are there any street closures that will change my response pattern? These are just a few questions that you have to answer, all the while listening to the dispatch information and making sure your personal protective equipment, self-contained breathing apparatus, and personal tool are ready. Following are a few considerations as you respond to what could be the fire of your career.
Type of Structure
作为您的部门经验丰富的老兵，并知道您的回复区，您应该熟悉你会回应的建筑物. You should be familiar with the construction type; exposure problems; occupancy; and whether they potentially could be occupied or vacant, residential or commercial. Construction type is very important, as each has its own set of challenges.
类型1（防火）和2型（非可燃物）通常是内容物触发，因为该建筑物受到某种形式的防火保护，如延迟材料，喷水灭火系统或混凝土。用2型考虑的危险是非保护的屋顶结构，通常是钢筋托梁桁架。大约八到12分钟的火灾冲击后早期崩溃将使整个屋顶下降，也可能是外墙。架空空隙空间非常适合水平火灾蔓延，因此在进步时每小时开启天花板，而前进是至关重要的。
相关消防员培训
Type 3 (ordinary) will have fire spread differently than Type 5 (wood frame). Collapse potential, hidden voids, and horizontal fire spread from common cocklofts are big hazards with Type 3. Rapid fire spread, truss roofs, and lightweight construction in post 1980s era-built Type 5 buildings will no doubt impact tactics and strategy.
Type 4(重木材)通常持有during fire conditions, although void spaces and hidden fire spread are concerns in altered heavy timber structures such as a dropped ceiling (according to the building code, heavy timber buildings cannot contain combustible void spaces). These buildings are seen in older warehouses and churches dating from the 19th to early 20th century construction. Whether the structure is occupied, vacant, or abandoned should determine your risk vs. gain strategy. Obviously, if it’s occupied, you are going to treat it differently than a vacant; search is a priority for both, depending on the conditions.
Do not make your apparatus an exposure. Park it outside of the collapse zone to include corners of structures that are the strongest. Be sure your engine driver shows you a three-sided view of the structure, which allows early intelligence of the building, fire conditions, and exposures. Think about where the fire is and where it could be going if the operation transitions from offensive to defensive. Directing second-arriving aerial apparatus to cover potential exposures is a heads-up move; get ahead of the fire before it gets ahead of you. First-due aerial apparatus will typically be used for rescue and access to the structure and usually placed in the front of the building, so leave the “address for the truck.”
公司人员配备
无论您回复哪种类型的运行，人员配置都至关重要。您必须培训的消防员完成所需的任务。研究证明，由于有明显的原因，四名人员比三个人员更好。您的工作人员的培训水平是巨大的考虑因素。您最有可能与经验丰富的成员取得更好的成功，而不是几名新成员。这里的关键点是训练你的人民并给予他们（和你自己）工具要成功。
（1）普通结构使火通过空隙传播，通常在旧建筑中发现。（由作者的照片。）
（2）Noncombustible Type 2 buildings are typically truss built and collapse rapidly after fire impingement.
Having predetermined riding assignments is a heads-up move. This allows each member to know what is expected of them on arrival, saves confusion, and allows you to concentrate on the incident vs. giving orders that should have already been determined. Examples of engine company riding assignments are nozzleman, backup, hydrant, and irons. Placing personnel in the correct spots based on experience and training is also a good move.
生命安全/救援
火不是你唯一要处理的事情;有知名或未知的生命安全和救援问题。派出信息告诉你的是什么？您对该地区的了解是什么（结构类型，占用与空缺）？您的人员配备和警报响应是什么？一天的时间是什么时候？有些部门选择不介绍具有已知捕获的占用者的供应线。他们依靠助推器水和第二次作为发动机带来供应线。将您的工作人员分配到救援，救援和火灾攻击，或只是火灾攻击（从乘客带走火灾）将基于到达条件，人员配置和船员体验。
I have learned that bystander information is marginal at best; take it with a grain of salt and make solid decisions. The structure isn’t clear until you search it. Get a search done early and quickly. Usually, the search should be done by a ladder company or even a second- or third-arriving engine, depending on your department standard operating procedures (SOPs). As the first-due engine, you will most likely be going to the seat of the fire, so if you are not immediately faced with a known trapped occupant, be sure the search order is relayed to and received by the appropriate company.
Water Supply
As the first-due engine, you must consider water supply, whether you provide your own or the second-due engine supplies you a line. You need to know what the hydrant capabilities are and which hydrants are closest. You need to decide what kind of a layout you’re going to use—forward, reverse, or split lay. Forward, hydrant to fire, is good as you’re laying your own supply line. Remember to have the driver lay close to the curb on the fire side and slow down while laying the line or it will typically end up away from the curb and block later-arriving apparatus. A reverse lay, fire to hydrant, works well, as it leaves the front of the structure open for the truck company and allows the supply engine to pump from a hydrant to the primary engine. This also provides a backup pump in case of a catastrophic failure of the first-due engine pump. Split lays, laying hose from a corner and second-due engine completes the supply line, is ideal for distant hydrants, usually down cul-de-sacs or short streets. It’s good practice to always lay your own line. This way, if there is any issue with the second-due arriving, hose is already on the ground.
响应模式
A good proactive practice is to know when and where road closures may affect your response or even the response of later-arriving companies. If a road is blocked and you have to take an alternate route, this may change the response of several apparatus and might even make you second due. Once all companies have marked responding, it may be a good idea to get on the radio and let those companies know of the change in response (“E1 to all companies: Main Street from Second to Third is blocked; E2 you will be first due.”). You may have to take an alternate route to get to the closest hydrant or maybe even let the truck get into the block first—yes, that’s OK. Also, if you are responding from a distance that may allow for a delayed arrival, get on the radio and let the other companies know. As stated earlier, leaving the address for the truck is important, if your policy is for the first-due engine to pull past the fire building and this is altered, let the first-due truck know so they can approach the scene correctly (e.g., you stop short of the structure, the truck can approach from a different direction).
（3）乘车/刀具分配对有组织，有效和高效的操作至关重要。
(4,5)了解您的攻击线，喷嘴类型和设备功能将有助于确定您的操作。
（6-8）了解您的供水布局选项将为快速建立供水的选择。
（9-11）如果您在交叉点放下供应线，则拆分奠定是通过第二次发动机完成供水的好方法。
攻击线选择
There are several ways to determine attack line type and length. Most residential structure fires that haven’t spread beyond the structure itself can usually be handled by a 1¾-inch line; 2½-inch lines are good for defensive attacks, exposure protection, or when the volume is just too much for a 1¾-inch line. Many companies have their preconnects at 200 feet, but there are places that don’t necessarily need that much. Estimating the stretch may work for companies that have nonpreconnected attack lines or different lengths of preconnects. A good tip I use is 50 feet from engine to front door and 50 feet per floor (two-story with attic = 200 feet); you have to include the attic. It’s just an estimate and not an exact science, but it seems to work. Obviously, your buildings and layout will affect this, and you must estimate accordingly.
As the officer, you most likely will be calling what line to pull, so look at the building, the fire location, the volume of fire, and the distance from the engine to the building, and make the right call. Your nozzle option is also a consideration if you have both adjustable pattern and smooth bore. Nozzle selection is a hot topic in the fire service; both have a place in residential fire attack, so you, as the company officer, have to make the right decision.
只是开始
This is just the beginning. Many things will go through your mind; these are only a few for when you’re dispatched as the first-due engine company. Through training, department SOPs, and experience, you should be in a position to begin a successful incident.
Greg Sellersis a 30-year fire service veteran and an instructor in engine and truck operations. He has been a member in both the career and volunteer fire service beginning in the City of Tonawanda, New York.
