By Joseph McClelland
的作用rapid intervention team (RIT)是必须配备任何人的必不可少的功能building fire。有些人将任务视为“无聊”，或者是一项使船员无法进入“行动”的任务。但是，RIT是必须始终认真对待的任务。你永远不知道什么时候劳动节may be transmitted and you will be called to aid a brother or a sister in trouble. This article focuses on some fundamental steps aRIT必须在部署前在火灾现场进行。它讨论了从调度到进入结构之前的任务劳动节scenario, the tools you should bring for fast, effective deployment, and the functions of each RIT member.
Those who do not see the need for deployment of a RIT at building fires are reminded to look at the currentstandardsand regulations the fire service follows: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 1500,消防部门职业安全与健康计划;NFPA Standard 1561,Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System;and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Respiratory Protection Standard, 29 CFR 1910.134(g)(4),内部结构的程序188金博网网址多少。所有这些标准都要求人员可以挽救在生命或健康（IDLH）氛围的立即危险内部运作的成员。但是，RIT的发展，反应，化妆和部署归功于拥有管辖权的机构的酌处权。
Chapter 8 of NFPA 1500 states the following:
The fire department shall provide personnel for therescueof members operating at emergency incidents. (b) A rapid intervention crew/company shall consist of at least two members and shall be available for rescue of a member or a crew. (c) The composition and structure of a rapid intervention crew/company shall be permitted to be flexible based on the type of incident and the size and complexity of operations.
NFPA 1561指出以下内容：
This standard shall meet the requirements of Chapter 8 of NFPA 1500,消防部门职业安全与健康计划, and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(3).
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120,Standard on Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response, section (q) (3) requires the following:
Back-up personnel shall be standing by with equipment ready to provide assistance or rescue. Qualified basic life support personnel, as a minimum, shall also be standing by with medical equipment and transportation capability.
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134(g)(4) states the following:
A minimum of two (2) firefighters, fully equipped and trained SHALL be on standby outside the structure to provide assistance or perform rapid rescue, if needed. Voice, visual, or radio contact is required between the interior and exterior teams at all times. One of the exterior team members must be free of all other tasks in order to account for, and if necessary, initiate a rescue of those firefighters inside. While the second exterior team member may perform some other tasks, this individual must be able to abandon them without jeopardizing the safety and health of others at the scene.
Requirements for rapid intervention are also addressed in NFPA Standard 1710,职业消防部门的组织和部署火灾抑制操作，紧急医疗操作以及向公众特别行动的标准，第5.2.3.1.2节和NFPA标准1720，Standard for the Organization and Deployment of Fire Suppression Operations, Emergency Medical Operations and Special Operations to the Public by Volunteer Fire Departments, Section 3.3.23
Since these RIT directives have been in existence for many years, most fire service leaders are more than aware of the requirements. The challenge is establishing a RIT that not only meets the standards but that will also be effective if it is needed to rescue a downed firefighter.
The reality is that the RIT is meant to be an insurance policy for our own. Those assigned to this position should at a minimum be trained in the following area: knots, search, selecting and using hand tools, reading smoke, building construction and fire behavior, and be prepared to respond to a Mayday occurring in a rapidly changing, hostile atmosphere.
Unless your agency has a preassignedRITon every emergency scene, you should be prepared to be given this assignment when you arrive. This means that things that could be deemed common sense (like listening to radio traffic) should be taken more serious to discern information aboutbuilding construction, fire location, how many companies are operating inside the structure, whether roof operations are being undertaken, and whether the fire is offensive or defensive.
到达后，收集您将需要的工具，以及使您和受害者摆脱结构。请记住，除非分配外部排气位置，否则消防员绝不应该独自工作。因此，作为RIT成员，为多个受害者的可能性做好准备。如果您认为可能需要更多帮助，则可以始终请求多个RIT团队，如果有任何迹象表明搜索或去除被击落的消防员会很耗时，例如industrialbuildings, apartment buildings, nursing homes, very long or very wide buildings, orhigh-rises。
The type of building construction should be ascertained as soon as possible to help with tool selection. Remember, the RIT needs to have the tools to combat almost any situation they come across, but not so many that it slows the team. The structure type will affect the choice of tools you need. At aminimum，您将需要以下内容：
- Full personal protective equipment with self-contained breathing apparatus.
- 收音机
- A rope bag with 150 feet of rope
- 之一yourdepartment’s air bottles withyourdepartment’s face mask
- A prying tool and a smashing tool
- 热成像摄像头（TIC）
- 带有金属刀片的链锯和/或旋转锯。
您可以携带更多工具，但是您可能会开始用太多的设备来权衡团队。如果需要更重extricationtools, air bags, or other tools, supporting companies can bring them inafter你有倒下的成员(s)。每个situation and scene will dictate what other tools may be needed.
Once you and your equipment get to the scene, start looking for the “perfect” location to stage. Command should not influence where you stage. Put your equipment where you think the best location will be for a fast deployment, if activated. The best location may not always be the front of the structure. Just because攻击线are going in through the front door does not mean that is where you are going to enter if deployed.
Let’s be truthful here: If a劳动节进来，所有在Fireground上运营的成员都将跑到建筑物中以提供帮助。由于这个事实，您的访问点可能是侧门或二楼窗口。这需要在您的步行过程中进行讨论，并向整个工作人员明确说明。
在找到舞台上的“最佳”点之后，请通知命令，如果可能的话，RIT将在建筑物周围行走。整个工作人员应该一起行走。这将使对话就可能的策略进行，并确保所有机组人员都看到有关结构的相同内容，并且在翻译中没有任何损失。至少，船员应在步行过程中携带粉碎工具和撬动工具。如果需要，这将使RIT强迫结构周围的任何门。一旦被迫，门应关闭，以免影响火灾。应将命令通知任何打开的门。如果RIT遇到需要长时间打开时间的盗窃酒吧或门，则应将命令通知障碍物的位置和类型，并应要求卡车船员以完成任务所需的适当工具做出响应。船员在步行中碰到电表时也可以关闭仪表。
一旦完成行走,罗切斯特理工学院的航拍官go to the incident commander (IC) and inform him of the team’s findings and tasks completed during the walk. The RITofficershould find out from command the following: current attack strategy, location and number of crews operating inside the structure, estimated burn time of fire, if the roof is open, the amount of time current companies have been inside and on air, and if a RIT chief and a dedicated RIT ambulance have been assigned. Much more may be asked, but this information should be obtained to start the team’s triage of the RIT task. Once this minimum information has been acquired, RIT should inform command of its location and return to the crew and inform them of the conversation with command.
While theRITofficer is gathering his information, the other RIT members should be at the equipment setting up the tools and assigning them to members to allow for rapid deployment should a Mayday be transmitted. Any gas-powered tools should now be started to ensure they are in working order and warmed up if needed. If the RIT does not have a particular tool it deems may be of assistance (like a TIC or a particular type of saw), the team should go to the closest rigs to try to acquire what is needed.
Once the RIT feels it has the needed equipment, it should stage the tools and make assignments. RIT members do not have to just stand around after these actions. RIT can still be proactive. If the structure is a multistory; RIT can throw ladders obtained from a close rig to windows in the entrance/rescue position of the floors on which crews are working. If any task is going to be undertaken, the entire crew should go together to ensure continuity and that they will all respond together if deployed. They also serve as “extra eyes” for command concerning安全以及烟，建筑物和其他影响消防员安全的因素发生变化的迹象。
Once a RIT chief is assigned and is at RIT staging, it is his job to go to command for frequent status updates and to inform the RIT of attack progress, current tactics and plans, the locations and number of crews inside and on the structure, and the possible fire location. The RIT chief is the direct liaison to command if the RIT is deployed, leaving the RIT officer free to work with the team and not to have to worry about radio traffic.
正如RIT官员认为必要的那样，团队应在建筑物周围进行散步，以了解交火期间的状况如何变化；检查在结构中，在结构周围和周围采取的其他辅助行动；并检查任何安全问题，并将信息引起RIT负责人的注意。步行完成后，成员应返回其登台位置，监视所有无线电流量，并在提供帮助的情况下保持最高的准备。当务之急是将RIT保持整齐并准备部署。在扩展操作期间，RIT官员应准备好让机组人员旋转康复后40分钟。即使它有not been deployed, the team will become fatigued from maintaining a ready posture for an extended time.
In summary, the task of the RIT should never be taken lightly or be perceived as a punishment or menial task. It has the potential to be the most important crew on the fireground. Once on scene and assigned to RIT, the crew must gain as much information as possible about what is happening in the fire attack to be as prepared as possible for deployment. The crew needs to bring equipment to the building and complete the walk-around to gain firsthand knowledge of the scene and the tactics being undertaken. Members must be given tool assignments and any equipment not brought by the RIT should be obtained and checked prior to deployment.
Joe McClellandis a firefighter with the Midlothian (IL) Fire Department. He was previously a part-time firefighter with the North Palos (IL) Fire Protection District and is a field instructor for the University of Illinois Fire Service Institute’s Cornerstone Program.
