丹尼尔·P·谢里丹（Daniel P. Sheridan）
As a probie on the Fire Department of New York’s (FDNY’s) Ladder 17, one of the first things I learned was about the dangers of going above the fire. We previously had a fire in a five-story renovated tenement building, we were the second-due ladder, and our assignment was to go above the fire to search for victims and any extension of fire. As we made our way up the stairs, the officer checked with the first-due engine officer and advised him that we were going above.
When we got to the floor above, we found five apartments on the floor. The officer grabbed me and told me to force the door on the opposite side of the fire’s location. In this instance, the fire was in the rear, so we forced the “off apartment” in the front of the building. He told me that this is always the first thing that we should be doing at every fire where we will be operating above it.
有关的：Getting Ahead of the Top-Floor Fire|意外地下室大火|从派遣到策略
那次事件发生后不久，我们在两层楼的扁平私人住宅中做出了大火。一楼的“前后”有大火。我们被分配第二次到期，需要赶上大火以寻找被困的受害者。一位歇斯底里的女人在街上与我们见面，告知我们她的家人仍在里面（我们称之为“已知的生活危害”）。大火缠绕在一楼的公寓周围，进入走廊，否定了内部楼梯的使用。我们使用便携式梯子进入前窗。
Immediately, on entering the room, we were driven to the floor by the heat; the room was about to flash. We made a hasty retreat just as the whole room flashed. After the engine knocked down the fire, we were able to get up the stairs and found the two victims in the bathtub. I learned first-hand that going above the fire in a building of Type 3 and Type 5 construction was serious business. According to FDNY Captain (ret.) John Calamari (TL 120): “Other than being on the roof of a building where the top floor is on fire, the floor above is the most dangerous position to be in.”
When I transferred to the squad, most of our work was on the floor(s) above. As chief of training, Command Institute’s Chris Naum, an expert on building construction, says: “Knowing your buildings is critical to safe operations.” This is absolutely 100-percent true; there is a tremendous difference between going above the fire in a Type 3 or 5 building as opposed to a Type 1. One consideration is the case of the first fire mentioned above. The building was what we refer to as a “rehab,” which is very dangerous because of the voids created after the building was renovated.
康复大楼的一个功能是翻新的天花板，这些天花板被丢弃，创建了一种迷你鸡舍（照片1）。在大火上驶过的消防员可能没有意识到他们本质上是在狂暴的Cockloft大火上运行。然后，大火进入上方地板上的空间空间，从而产生了潜在的闪存条件。当消防员处于看似稳定的环境中时，这些建筑物在这类建筑物中被杀死，这会迅速变成极为危险的情况。注意：当我还是年轻的消防员时，我们通过感觉到墙壁检查了延伸。如果触摸很热，我们将其打开。热成像摄像头不能替代开放。
(1) Photo by author.
I was then assigned as the operations chief to a fire in a five-story commercial building. The fire was on the first floor in a Chinese restaurant. We all know that with these types of fires the root cause is generally from the failure to clean out the duct work. The Incident Commander ordered me to check out the operation on the floor above. I arrived on the second floor and met up with the ladder company that was operating there. I asked the officer “How’s it lookin?” “All good chief, no problems” Something was off, we had a good fire on the first floor. My gut was telling me that this was not the right answer so I had to diplomatically figure out a way to get a better answer without “micromanaging” This is the dance that chiefs have to sometimes do, let the officers do their job but be diligent.
我找一个借口，需要检查后部，IC想知道后面的栏杆，所以我原谅自己并前往后部。我到达了怀疑火的座位所在的地方，就像我怀疑时，当我经过大火上方的房间时，我感到耳朵上的热量。我打电话给军官：“嘿，娄，我一个忙，你能让铁杆消防员打开这堵墙吗？”“确定的酋长”消防员将他的哈利根（Halligan）放在墙上，打开它，大火到处都是，管道从墙上驶过，抓住了木头。
除了了解构造之外，成功地超越火的最关键因素是霍斯利线的地位。问问自己，有一个吗？当我从事新的工作时，我们回应了一个拐角处的三楼大火，并破坏了建筑物附近的消防栓。我们第二次到期，一流的发动机没有充电的线路，我们的军官让我和另一名年轻的消防员在楼上等着楼上的地方等待着东西。
I was not happy with waiting there, but I had to follow orders; the officer had tons of experience and knew the danger of the situation. Ironically, we came back on our next shift for a fire in the same building and needed to go above. This time, they had water in the hoseline, and fire was coming out of every window in the apartment. We went above and removed a baby from the apartment.
上面没有软管管道的保护我s risky, but sometimes it is necessary. You must do this on a case-by-case basis, and the officer needs to weigh all the factors such as construction, water supply, and life hazard, just to name a few. FDNY Battalion Chief (ret.) Jerry Tracy of Battalion 49 says: “A discipline for anyone going above the fire is to communicate with those units operating on the fire floor and ask them to identify the exact location of the fire. This accomplishes two things: 1) it informs them you’re going above, and 2) you can proceed to that location to see if it is extending. If it is call for a line and complete your search within the limits of safety.”
在您在上面地板上的公寓中进行搜索之前，请快速缩小，然后问自己：“如果我发现自己处于不良状态，我的选择是什么？”当我从事这份工作大约一年时，我们在铁路公寓的火上赶上了大火。大火在三楼，在曝光4侧（d）上完全拥有该公寓。我们与引擎进行了签到，让他们知道我们要走了。
When I got to the door, the fire had already extended to a few of the front rooms. I did a quick search in the rear, thinking that if things go south, I could pop out onto the rear fire escape. That was a great plan, but I was missing just one part of that equation: There was no rear fire escape. I found out the hard way and barely made it out and back to the front door.
At another response in the same apartment type, I assumed that I could pop out the other door in the railroad flat.1然而,它被钉关闭。事情开始to turn bad, and I couldn’t make it back in the way I came. My “plan B” was to go out through the front window with the ladder. I got to the window, but the ladder was being used elsewhere. I had to fight my way past the fire to the front door.
您的最后手段是使用您的个人安全带（前提是您的部门拥有它们）。我强烈建议您，如果您花费大量时间超越，请确保您拥有自己的个人保释系统，并成为专家。当我在小队上是一名消防员时，我们花了几个小时从窗户上救出，以至于这样做成为第二天性。这是我们希望永远不必使用的最后一个手段。
尊重上面的地板；不要自满，并认为一切都很好，只是因为您周围没有热量或吸烟。事情可能会瞬间发生变化 - 组成人会流失水，火陷入空白处，还有许多其他潜在的杀手。如果您是生产线上的人，并且失去了水，则必须传达“紧急”信息，以便让消防员在情况上的地板上运行。
To listen to Daniel P. Sheridan’s most recent podcast,Getting Ahead of the Top-Floor Fire， 点击HERE
Footnote
1. Railroad flats are apartments with rooms that are lined up in a row with two exits, front, and rear.
Daniel P. Sheridanis a 33-year veteran of and a battalion chief with the消防部门of New York assigned to Battalion 3. He is a nationalinstructorII和FDNY IMT的成员。Sheridan还是相互援助培训小组的首席讲师。
