By Anthony Rowett Jr.
Photo by Tony Greco
The primary focus of engine company operations is the initialattack line, and rightly so. As stated by the lateLt. Andrew Fredericks(FDNY) “Stretching and advancing the initial attack line is the most fundamental and important task an engine company has to perform.” When responding to a structure fire, usually only the initial arriving engine company will performthe initial attack line但是，操作。其他回应发动机公司必须准备执行其他操作。一些部门将第二级发动机公司分配给快速干预，或者可能是第二处理。无论将哪个公司分配到第二处理方式，都必须有效地执行操作。
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当分配的任务延伸,推进nd operating the second handline, you first must decide what tactical function the handline will perform. The second handline can be operated as a backup line for theinitial attack line或作为第二个攻击线。做出此决定时，应评估许多因素，包括火的位置和大小，初始攻击线的有效性以及火的可能性传播。最后两个是您决定的至关重要的考虑因素。如果确定初始攻击线的进度不足或可能是火势传播，则可能需要第二个攻击线而不是备份线。
第二处理方式的最常见用途可能是作为备用线，尤其是在私人住宅中发生火灾时。在这种情况下，第二处理方式的任务是支持初始攻击线，而不是与之一起操作。尽管所有消防人员都希望将所用的螺旋线推向火区和攻击，但在分配到备用线时，消防员必须能够控制这种冲动，而将其行动集中在支持初始攻击线的使命上。备用线消防员不应让自己摆脱责任。
当。。。的时候第二处理operate as a backup line, hoseline selection may differ from that of the initial attack line. Although the company officer assigned to the backup line operation should perform his or her own size-up of the building and determine the correct hoseline, the initial attack line should also be factored in. When possible, the backup line should be at minimum the same size as the initial attack line if not larger. Selecting a larger hoseline allows the backup line to provide protection for the attack team in the event that their line proves insufficient. This would also allow the backup line to take over the initial attack operation and continue the advance to the seat of the fire.
备用线的软管拉伸估计也有所不同。备用线应至少比初始攻击线长的一部分（50英尺）。这是为了提供与使用较大霍斯线相同的好处。如果初始攻击线伸展短，则可以从初始攻击线后面的位置提出备份线以执行火灾攻击。分配给备份线的公司官员不应简单地在确定此确定时在初始攻击线的长度上添加一条长度。取而代之的是，备用线公司官员必须执行自己对伸展运动的估计。一种方法是使用经验法则来估计弗雷德里克斯（Fredericks）开发的软管：
- 私人住宅最多三个故事：一到三个长度
- 两层楼garden apartments: two lengths
- Three-story garden apartments: three lengths
- Small multiple dwellings (frontage of 35 feet or less and a depth between 50 and 75 feet): same as the floor number of the fire floor (for example, a fire on the fourth floor requires a hose length of four lengths)
- Large multiple dwellings (frontage from 36-100 feet and depths up to 100 feet): floor of fire floor plus one length
- 典型企业（单层或一楼或纳税人建筑物）：一两个长度
当使用这些经验法则时，公司官员必须记住，估计仅是消防构建本身的估计。他们还必须估计从设备到建筑物入口的距离，然后将其添加到融合仪上。
Another method for estimating the stretch is to break it down into three sections:
- 火区
- 火区to building entrance
- 设备的建筑入口
Beginning at the fire area and working backwards to the apparatus, the company officer can then size up the building and estimate the proper length for the hoseline. When using method, the company officer should ensure that at least one length of hoseline (50 feet) is provided for the fire area itself. At least one length of hoseline (50 feet) should also be provided for each floor from the fire area to the building entrance. Finally, the amount of hoseline needed to span the distance between the building entrance and the apparatus must be determined. These three sections are added together for the final length.
倾向于出现的最大问题之一，尤其是在私人住宅中，是“堆积”消防员进入一个阻碍最初攻击线发展的小区域。定位备用线及其消防员对于任务至关重要。当备用线消防员进入火灾建筑物直到到达初始攻击线喷嘴团队时，由于太多的成员挤入了一个紧密的区域，因此攻击线的有效性的降低了很多倍。操作备用线的消防员不必将备用线定位在阻碍攻击队的位置，而必须将自己和线路定位在一个位置，以提高火灾攻击效率。实现此目的的一种好方法是将备用线的喷嘴放置在初始攻击线喷嘴后面的一条长度（50英尺）。这种定位使初始攻击团队室可以工作，但允许备份线成员协助初始攻击线的进步。很少有足够大的人员配备水平的部门可以允许配备人员配备全部人员。结果是大多数部门必须在没有门消防员或控制消防员的情况下操作螺旋线。到位后，备用线消防员实际上可以为初始攻击线执行门/控制位置的某些功能。备用线可以在霍斯利线进步期间帮助将Slack喂给初始攻击团队，并帮助管理最初攻击线的转弯和其他捏点。 Another common method, especially at private dwelling fires, is to position the nozzle of the backup line one room behind the initial attack line nozzle team of the initial attack line. Positioning to protect the stairway used by the initial attack line is another potential tactic.
第二个手柄也可以用作第二个攻击线 - 与作为备份线一起操作非常不同的功能。此决定的三个最常见原因是初始攻击线的无效性，火的可能性传播的可能性以及存在大型地下室/地窖大火。当作为第二个攻击线操作时，第二个手柄可以与初始攻击线一起运行，或者可以根据事件的需求进行远程操作。
在初始攻击线在击倒火灾方面没有取得进展的情况下，可以提出第二个攻击线以与初始攻击线一起运行。尽管可以使用较大的霍斯赛，但第二个攻击线通常与初始攻击线相同。请勿在第二个攻击线上使用较小的霍斯线。对于第二次攻击线来说，比初始攻击线长的长度（50英尺）是一个很好的做法，以防后者短。
In situations where fire spread is likely, it is not uncommon for a second attack line to be advanced into areas remote from the location where the initial attack line is operating with the mission of searching for fire extension and extinguishing any fire that has spread into these areas. This may include advancing a second attack line to the floor above the fire or into exposure buildings. When the second attack line will be advanced to the floor above the fire floor, an additional length of hoseline (50 feet) must be added to it, above and beyond the length of the initial attack line. This additional length will allow the second attack line greater penetration of the area.
地下室/地窖大火是第二次攻击线通常是先进的另一种情况。尽管通常由初始攻击线熄灭了地下室/地窖火灾，但大型地下室/地窖火将需要第二次攻击线的发展。不管火的大小如何，在这种情况下，最初的攻击线通常是进入一楼的火灾建筑，并晋升到通往地下/地窖的楼梯顶部的位置。这使初始攻击线可以保护楼梯免受火灾蔓延，将火限制在地下室/地窖区域。对于小火，最初的攻击线将能够向下沿楼梯进入地下室/地窖extinguishment. When the fire is larger and more advanced, the second attack line should be advanced to one of two positions. If there is a grade-level entrance to the basement/cellar present, the second attack line should be advanced to this location. It will then advance into the basement/cellar and extinguish the fire while the initial attack line remains at the top of the interior stairway to protect the stairway from fire spread. It is imperative that the hoseline be of adequate length to reach the grade level entrance as well as reach all areas of the basement/cellar. Attention must be paid to the proper estimation of the hose stretch for the second attack line, as in many cases, the second attack line will be required to be stretched to the rear of the fire building prior to being advanced into the basement/cellar. If a grade-level entrance to the basement/cellar is not present, the second attack line should be advanced to the same location as the initial attack line, the top of the interior stairway leading down to the basement/cellar. Once the second attack line is thus positioned, the initial attack line is advanced down the interior stairway to extinguish the fire. The second attack line will not be advanced down into the basement/cellar unless at the request of the initial attack line crew, in which case it will be replaced by a third attack line. Instead, the second attack line maintains the position at the top of the interior stairway and protects the interior stairway from fire spread while also ensuring that no fire spreads to other areas of the first floor of the building. In these situation, the second attack line operation is very similar to the operation of a second attack line operating on火焰上方的地板r.
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在内部188金博网网址多少operations, the second handline can operate as either a backup line or a second attack line. Firefighters should be comfortable in performing either operation as well as understand when each operation is necessary. Members must also understand the importance of their role in each operation in relation to the overall fireground operation. A backup line that positions itself in the way of the initial attack line is ineffective and a detriment to the overall fire operation, as is a second attack line that is not advanced into the proper location. You cannot always be first in; understand the operation of the second handline so that you can effectively support or supplement the initial attack line.
Anthony Rowett Jr.is a captain with the Mobile (AL) Fire Rescue Department. He was previously a firefighter for the Ogdensburg (NJ) Fire Department. Rowett has an associate’s degree in fire science technology from the County College of Morris in New Jersey and a bachelor’s and master’s degree in fire science and emergency services management, respectively, from Columbia Southern University. He has been published in Fire Engineering and Fire Rescue. He can be contacted atarowett88@yahoo.com.
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