经过Joe Pronesti
Roof work may make or break188金博网网址多少在A中的操作“Main Street” buildingsuch as an attached纳税人结构体。到达事件指挥官（尤其是在较小的部门中）的一个问题是，船员是否可以充分地执行工作。适当的对平面结构的通风操作可以防止flashover, prevent the spread of fire in cocklofts and attics, and make it easier and safer forfirefighters对conduct search operations and locate and extinguish the fire.
屋顶尺寸和任务
就像整体火灾地估量,屋顶估量begins prior to the alarm. A great tool to get a look at your buildings, especially on your Main Street, is online satellite imagery. Taking a few hours from the recliners on a rainy afternoon can be just as productive than a three-hour PowerPoint presentation. Look at your buildings’ roof slopes, natural vent, scuttles, parapets, etc. A great drill that encompasses many training facets is to take your aerial or neighboring cities’ units out on a Saturday or Sunday and practice spotting and actually getting up on your roofs. Take your phones with you to take pictures!
Prior knowledge is the key for successful roof operations. Get up on your roofs and bring your camera, starting a Main Street file folder. On line GIS programs can help review your buildings and make for great rainy day training.
A key for firefighters going to the roof of an ordinary Type III structure is to take a broad rather than narrow focus on size-up. Most departments, especially small to mid-size ones, fight the majority of their fires in residential structures. If we take an honest look, I will be willing to bet that most of these fires are handled without any vertical ventilation. Your three-person truck company may have never opened a commercial roof under fire conditions. As an IC, are you confident they can perform this tactic flawlessly when fire does finally strike? Think again.训练andleadershipprior to the event is the key that gives your department the best chance to succeed.
这官needs to have assignments already in place prior to going to the roof. In most departments, staffing is going to be at a premium, but three spots must be filled: the operations, backup, and cut positions. Operations usually will consist of the officer. Safety must be the priority, and the officer must be constantly evaluating the stability and changing conditions of the roof. The officer cannot handle tasks such as cutting, which will narrow his focus on the roof. The firefighters on the roof need to bring the proper tools with them, including, at a minimum, working flashlights, a radio, a hook or a pike pole, a set of irons, and a thermal imaging camera (TIC), a wonderful tool to use on the roof and really anywhere in these buildings. As with any tool, it has limitations: if a roof is built up, the TIC may not always give an accurate reading of temperatures below.
ICs in small to mid-size departments must get personnel to the roof and remember that the initial three assignments discussed above are just the beginning. Cutting a hundred-year-old roof is going to be taxing and if you have any hopes of saving the building or the block, multiple companies are going to be needed. Get mutual aid卡车公司or crews acting as truck companies in as early as possible.
Initial Roof Report
Once you have determined the roof is safe and the decision has been on vertical ventilation, keep these points in mind and report to command:
- Fire and smoke conditions, especially when they are not on side A, where the IC can see it.
- Exposure issues
- Presence and location of any holes, shafts, high parapets, or cornices. They may be fall hazards, fire spread hazards, or collapse hazards.
- 屋顶上存在集中负载或其他重型设备。Cockloft的重火以及集中载荷（例如广告牌和HVAC单元）需要最大的关注。
- 屋顶的大小和类型是什么?
- 屋顶的任何部分都在下垂吗？
- 是否有呼吸机或烟气通风口，它们会发出烟雾和/或火灾吗？
- Is fire showing through the roof?
- 屋顶是否由可能难以穿越的材料组成？
- 由于陡峭的俯仰还是栏杆，需要其他梯子吗？
It is critical to always coordinate your ventilation with the interior crews and command.
When arriving on the roof, look at the obvious: Skylights, ventilators, etc. Also, check soil pipes for heat, since heavy heat on these soil pipes may indicate fire nearby.
屋顶音高快速命中
这pitch of the roof (front to rear) allows the fire to spread rapidly to the higher cockloft area. The standard (flat) roof may have little or no pitch. If it is pitched, it will be from the front to the rear. As most flat-roof buildings slope slightly to allow for drainage, be aware that fire traveling in the cockloft will look to travel in an uphill direction; keep this in mind when planning the cut. These are calledinverted roof系统并将通过连接到主屋顶甲板上的90°立柱来识别。它们（通常）从前到后都会减小尺寸。
士兵敲开
当打开scut骨和自然开口进入顶层（即Scuttle或屋顶舱口）时，请不要忘记检查一下Scuttle Returns或Draft Stop是否打开或用干墙围墙。如果覆盖，请拿起工具并打开此区域。这将暴露于Cockloft，并允许烟雾和加热的气体逸出。如果您很着急，可能会忽略此操作。
打开雪橇孔时，不要忘记打开选秀停靠点或回报。his will more than likely open up the cockloft, also.
屋顶甲板
纳税人有许多类型的屋顶，但最常见的是用木托梁覆盖，上面覆盖着舌头和槽板或胶合板。然后，屋顶上覆盖着通常称为“ tar paper”或“建筑屋顶”的可燃防水材料，可能是厚的几层。屋顶托梁的间隔约为20英尺。
Crickets
不，我们不是在谈论错误。为此进行全面讨论building construction功能及其相关危害，请阅读科林·凯利（Colin Kelley）的文章，“屋顶板球：您的操作是什么？”
屋顶板球的大小各不相同，但可能会导致快速射击。Do not forget to open these up.
屋顶切割
Once on the roof, and if you cannot see any obvious signs of fire, it is a good idea to quadrant off the building mentally. You can then estimate where the fire is and cut in that quadrant. Remember, you are on the roof of an old building; the chances of running into many years of tar is going to be great, and most small departments only have one saw. As a leader in your department, do you know if this saw has the “guts” to open up an old commercial roof? Do you know what your first-in mutual aid companies carry as far as ventilation tools and saws? The reoccurring theme here is to know prior to the event of one of these Main Street fires. If the decision to go to the roof is made, two saws are my personal recommendation. If you only have one or staffing only allows for one to go to the roof, remember that the tar will really bog down the saw and extra blades may be needed.
Cutting roofs is not as easy as one thinks. Training and practice prior to your fire event is the key.
由于这些建筑物的年龄，期望享受焦油蛋糕。您的锯子应对挑战吗？您或共同援助公司是否有额外的锯刀片？
先验知识至关重要
在当今的消防服务中，我们都知道需要了解火灾行为以及消防研究中出现的所有激动人心的信息。但是，如果您是一名全面的消防员，则必须充分了解III型普通结构的建筑结构和火灾。花时间刷新自己和您的指挥下的人。
Joseph Pronestiis a 26-year veteran of the Elyria (OH) Fire Department, where he is an assistant chief and shift commander. He is a graduate of the Ohio Fire Chiefs’ Executive Officer program and a lead instructor at the Cuyahoga (OH) County Community College Fire Academy. He is a contributor to fire service publications and sites, including188金宝搏是正规吗。他将在FDIC2016 titled “Main Street Tactics and Strategies: Are You Ready?”and will be presenting a Webcast on Main Street Fires on fireengineering.com.He can be reached atefdcaptain33@gmail.com
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