Lance C. Peeples的文章和照片
…Meyran, Bellew, Brooks, Conroy, Kolenda, Holcombe, McAllister, Cappell, Mathis, Bridges, Drennan, Young, and Seidenburg, Refroe, Armstrong, Gillen…
One of America’s first firefighters, Benjamin Franklin, once uttered, “Those who fail to learn the lessons of history are doomed to repeat them.” Unfortunately, the firefighters named above are etched forever in the collective history of our profession. Do you remember their stories? I hope this article honors the memory of these men and women by repeating their stories, so that those who serve today are not required to pay again to learn the lessons these firefighters have already paid for with their blood.
Control the Door
在这项业务中，这是很重要的。探针学校讲师钻头on it over and over: “Control the door; control the door!” This lesson is not an abstract bit of firematic trivia of only passing academic interest. Failure to control the door can have real consequences, such as those taught to us on March 28, 1994, when Captain John Drennan and Firefighters James Young and Christopher Seidenburg of the Fire Department of New York ascended the interior stairs above a fire on the first floor of a multiple dwelling on Watts Street in Manhattan. The forcible entry team at the fire apartment door was driven to the floor and barely escaped with their lives when a heavy fire condition blew out the forced door and traveled up the interior stairs. Drennan, Young, and Seidenburg were not as fortunate; they were incinerated on the floor above the fire. It seems like such a simple thing: At your next fire, never forget: Control the door.
（1）成员控制门是至关重要的。约翰·德伦南（John Drennan）上尉和消防员詹姆斯·扬（James Young）和克里斯托弗·塞登堡（Christopher Seidenburg）丧生，一边在大火上搜寻一处居住的地方，当时强行入境团队失去了对门的控制，火了楼梯。在这里，消防员用绳子钻了训练门。
追逐扭结
It should have been a “routine” job, but it wasn’t. Members of the Cincinnati (OH) Fire Department responded to a food-on-the-stove fire that turned deadly on March 21, 2003.
When the first-due engine arrived, its members stretched a 350-foot attack line. Initially, the line was stretched to the front door. However, finding the front door locked, the company officer directed that the line be repositioned down the D-side of the house and into the rear yard. Once they arrived at the rear yard, the district chief directed them to reposition the line to the front door to attack from the unburned side. Once the line was repositioned to the front door, a member retrieved an ax and forced the front door. The company officer called for water two separate times. When water was not forthcoming, the company officer left his crew on the front porch and began straightening the numerous kinks in the line. Meanwhile, the members of his crew entered the fire building with the dry hoseline only to be enveloped by a developingFlashover。消防员奥斯卡·阿姆斯特朗三世（Oscar Armstrong III）在七年前的3月一天中向我们提供的教训是：公司官员必须监督其成员；您必须练习软管伸展运动，直到它们具有反射性为止。在您的下一次大火中，永远不要忘记扭结杀戮。
Automatic Alarms Are Dangerous
典型的消防公司对自动警报没有响应并不是一天。1994年4月11日，孟菲斯（田纳西州）消防局的发动机7确实如此，这是在亚当斯街750号的里吉斯塔公寓的另一个自动警报，就像他们之前的数百次一样。只有这一次，它会有所不同。这次有火。迈克尔·马蒂斯（Michael Mathis）和列兵队长。威廉·布里奇斯（William Bridges）将电梯骑到地板上时丧生，信说明器面板表明了警报。他们受到公共厅里的烟气和热状态的欢迎，无法从错误中恢复过来。在您的下一个自动警报响应中，永远不要忘记：自动警报是危险的。可能只是火。
(2) Lt. Michael Mathis and Pvt. William Bridges died after taking an elevator to the fire floor to investigate what they believed was an automatic alarm sounding. The building had been the scene of multiple false alarms that may have lulled the two firefighters into a false sense of security. Treat every alarm as the “real deal.” It might be!
使用2½英寸的立管软管
There’s a reason standpipe outlets for use by fire departments are equipped with 2½-inch outlets. The reason is that the vast majority of standpipe systems in this country were designed to provide only 65 pounds per square inch (psi) at the topmost outlet while flowing water at 500 gallons per minute (gpm). This lesson was taught February 23, 1991, at One Meridian Plaza in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The initial attack on the fire failed when the first engine company was unable to develop a stream from its 1¾-inch attack line equipped with an automatic nozzle. Capt. David Holcombe and Firefighters Phyllis McAllister and James Cappell ran out of air while searching above the fire. Perhaps if the initial attack line had succeeded in controlling the fire, things might have been different. Never forget: Use 2½-inch standpipe hose with a solid bore nozzle.
(3) In general, most standpipes are hydraulically engineered to supply 250 gpm at 65 psi to the topmost outlet. In many buildings, pressure-reducing valves (as shown here) limit pressure to 100 psi for outlets with occupant hose use. Capt. David Holcombe, Firefighter Phyllis McAllister, and Firefighter James Cappell ran out of air while searching above a fire on the 22nd floor of One Meridian Plaza in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on February 23, 1991. The initial engine company using 1¾-inch hose and an automatic nozzle was unable to develop an adequate stream.
Carry a Rope
The legendary Tom Brennan once wrote on the importance of carrying a rope. The importance of that lesson was driven home on Black Sunday, January 23, 2005. On that day, a number of FDNY firefighters were forced to leap for their lives from the windows of a four-story building after being cut off by rapid fire development. Sadly, Lt. Curtis Meyran and Firefighter John Bellew did not survive their fall. Never forget Curtis Meyran and John Bellew: Carry a rope.
Call for Help Early
A confusing floor layout, a house built into the side of a hill, mixed-up radio messages, windows covered with Plexiglass, a tough cellar fire—all these things went against Capt. Thomas Brooks, Firefighter Patricia Ann Conroay, and Firefighter Marc Kolenda. We’ll never know for sure why they didn’t call for help after getting trapped in a cellar on Bricelyn Street in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on February 14, 1995. Maybe they didn’t know they were in trouble until it was too late. What we do know is that they never called for help or activated their PASS devices. We know that a confusing floor layout and communication problems added to the difficulties. Brooks, Conroy, and Kolenda taught us a lot that day—lessons such as stay oriented, call for help early, activate your PASS device, and train on self-rescue and rapid-intervention company techniques. These are things we should never forget.
(4) The Bricelyn Street Fire in Pittsburgh on February 14, 1995, resulted in the deaths of Capt. Thomas Brooks, Firefighter Patricia Ann Conroy, and Firefighter Marc Kolenda. The lessons learned included the need to develop skills to remove trapped firefighters. Here, firefighters practice removing a firefighter from a basement.
呆在一起
在团队中工作，在一起，两次/两次 - 从消防学院的第一天开始，重点是团队合作。188博金宝体育1这是有原因的。188金博网网址多少is a dangerous business! The tragic death of Firefighter Adam Cody Renfroe, of the Crossville (AL) Fire Department, on October 29, 2008, reinforced this lesson. He became disoriented at a fire in a private dwelling after his partner left to retrieve a tool. He was found dead four feet from the back door. At your next job, never forget: Stay together.
阻挡道路
Chicago (IL) Fire Lt. Scott Gillen was killed in December 2000 while operating at the scene of a motor vehicle crash (MVC) when he was pinned against the rear of his ladder truck by a car on the Dan Ryan Expressway. He was the father of five children. To honor his memory at our next MVC we should never forget: Block the road.
永远不要忘记！
我以本·富兰克林（Ben Franklin）的名言开始了这篇文章，所以我与他的另一位明智的观察结束似乎很合适：“经验保留了一所亲爱的学校，但是一个傻瓜将无所事事！”让我们记住Mathis和Bridges。Let’s control the door forDrennan, Young， 和Seidenburg。Let’s drill on what布鲁克斯，康罗伊， 和克里teach from their graves. Let’s practice hose stretching in memory ofArmstrong III，让我们使用2½英寸的立管软管来纪念Holcombe, McCallister， 和Cappell。Let’s stick together in memory ofRenfroe。Let’s carry a rope in honor of梅兰和贝勒。Let’s rememberGillenby blocking the road at our next car crash. But mostly, let’s just never forget them!
Lance C. Peeples is a firefighter in St. Louis County, Missouri. He is a Fire Officer II and an Instructor II. He holds AS degrees in fire and paramedic technology, a BS in public administration and an MS in fire and emergency management administration from Oklahoma State University.
